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Network+ > Network Implementations > Flashcards

Network Implementations Flashcards

1
Q

Layer 2 Switch

A

Directs network traffic to specific machine (unicast). Works at Layer 2 of OSI model (frames).

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2
Q

Layer 3 capable switch

A

A switch that has routing capabilities

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3
Q

Router

A

Used to connect different LANs

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4
Q

Hub

A

Repeater - broadcasts incoming frames to all ports

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5
Q

Access point

A

Wireless device to allow connection to LAN

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6
Q

Bridge

A

Joins two network segments into a single network

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7
Q

Wireless LAN controller

A

Manages wireless access points, etc.

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8
Q

Load balancer

A

Helps balance the amount of traffic flowing through specific network devices

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9
Q

Proxy server

A

Retrieves data from a source on behalf of a user

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10
Q

Cable modem

A

Connects a LAN to cable internet

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11
Q

DSL modem

A

Connects a LAN to DSL internet

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12
Q

Repeater

A

Rebroadcasts wireless signal to help it reach remote areas

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13
Q

IPS

A

Intrusion Prevention System

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14
Q

IDS

A

Intrusion detection device

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15
Q

Firewall

A

regulates incoming/outgoing traffic based on a set of rules

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16
Q

VPN headend

A

A central point that allows devices to connect through a VPN

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17
Q

Dynamic routing

A

automatically configured routing

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18
Q

RIP

A

Routing Information
Protocol - (Interior protocol) - routers periodically (fixed time interval) exchange routing tables; focuses on hop count

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19
Q

OSPF

A

Open Shortest Path First (Interior protocol) - Uses an Area ID. One router in each area is selected as the “designated router.” Routers send info about each link separately instead of the entire routing table. Convergence is quick

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20
Q

EIGRP

A

An enhanced dynamic routing protocol that uses a combination of parameters to calculate metric

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21
Q

BGP

A

Border Gateway Protocol - The internet is broken into Autonomous Systems. Because routing tables are too big, BGP only tracks how to get to other Autonomous Systems.

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22
Q

Link state

A

Information passed between routers is related to the current connectivity (up/down, speed)

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23
Q

Distance vector

A

Information passed between routers contains network details: how many “hops”

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24
Q

Static routing

A

routes are entered manually

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25
Q

Default route

A

When no other route exists, send it here.

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26
Q

Administrative Distance

A

An arbitrarily-assigned value that represents how preferred a route is

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27
Q

Exterior vs Interior (routing)

A

Exterior refers to routing to remote networks

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28
Q

Time to live

A

A value given to packets to keep them from circulating endlessly on the Internet. Starts at a certain number and decrements each time it hits a router. When it hits zero, the packet is dropped and a message is sent to the source.

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29
Q

Traffic shaping

A

The act of optimizing available bandwidth according to priorities

30
Q

Quality of Service

A

Prioritizing traffic to ensure best performance

31
Q

Voice VLAN

A

Separate VLANs are often created for VoIP traffic so it can be given priority.

32
Q

Port tagging

A

A tag in the frame header designates which VLAN the frame belongs to (802.1Q Header)

33
Q

802.1Q

A

A standard that allows VLANs.
Trunking allows VLANs to be used across multiple switches - a connection on each switch is reserved to use for all VLANs

34
Q

Port aggregation/LACP

A

Multiple interfaces can be “bundled” into a single interface with higher bandwidth

35
Q

Port duplex settings

A

Half - can ONLY send OR receive
Full - can send AND receive at the same time

36
Q

Port speed

A

Speed/duplex settings on both sides of a connection MUST match.

37
Q

Port flow control

A
38
Q

Port mirroring

A

An interface can be configured to “mirror” traffic from one or more interfaces on the switch for monitoring

39
Q

Port security

A

Prevents unauthorized users from connecting to a switch interface based on the MAC address. Each port can be configured seperately.

40
Q

Jumbo frames

A

A frame that is larger than 1500 bytes. 9000 is the accepted norm. In order to use these, all devices must be configured to use them.

41
Q

MDI

A

Media Dependent Interface
Workstation
Router

42
Q

MDI-X

A

Media Dependent Interface Crossover
Switch

43
Q

MAC address tables

A

Switches maintain a list of MAC addresses and to which interfaces they are connected; Switches build this table by examining the SOURCE MAC on incoming frames; if an entry is not found in the table, the frame will be BROADCAST

44
Q

PoE/PoE+

A

Power over Ethernet
PoE - 15.4W 350mA
PoE+ - 25.5W 600mA

45
Q

STP

A

Spanning Tree Protocol - this keeps loops from being created in switched networks.

46
Q

STP Port Designations

A

Root port - the port closest to the “network root”
Designated port - ports that are allowed to forward traffic
Blocked port - these ports are blocked if a potential loop is identified

47
Q

CSMA/CD

A

CS - Carrier Sense: is there a carrier? is there a signal available?
MA - Multiple Access - more than one device on the network
CD - Collision Detection: Devices can detect data collisions and will wait a random amount of time to resend data
ONLY USEFUL ON HALF-DUPLEX

48
Q

ARP

A

Address Resolution Protocol - used to associate MAC addresses with IP addresses

49
Q

NDP

A

Neighbor Discovery Protocol - the IPv6 version of ARP. Uses multicast instead of broadcast (there are no broadcasts in IPv6)

50
Q

802.11a

A

5 GHz range
54 Mbit/s
Small range (generally 1/3 the range of 2.4 GHz)

51
Q

802.11b

A

2.4 GHz range
11 Mbit/s
Longer range
More frequency conflict

52
Q

802.11g

A

(upgrade from 802.11b)
2.4 GHz range
54 Mbit/s
Backwards-compatible with 802.11b

53
Q

802.11n (WiFi 4)

A

Operates at both 2.4 and 5 GHz ranges
600 Mbit/s
Introduces MIMO

54
Q

802.11ac (WiFi 5)

A

5 GHz range only
7 Gbit/s
MU-MIMO

55
Q

802.11ax (WiFi 6)

A

2.4 and 5 GHz
Introduces bidirectional MU-MIMO streams (1201 Mbit/s per channel)
9.6 Gbit/s

56
Q

WiFi Channels

A

Groups of frequencies, numbered by the IEEE. Best to use non-overlapping channels
Can range in frequency

57
Q

Channel bonding

A

Ability to combine two separate wireless channels into a single data stream

58
Q

Basic Service Set

A

The hardware address of an access point (not the SSID)

59
Q

Extended Service Set

A

A shared network name across access points

60
Q

Independent Basic Service Set (Ad-hoc)

A

Two stations can communicate directly, with no access point required.

61
Q

Roaming

A

Automatically switching from one AP to another

62
Q

Omnidirectional Antenna

A

Signal is evenly distributed evenly on all sides of the antenna

63
Q

Directional Antenna

A

Signal is focused on a single direction

64
Q

WPA/WPA2 Personal

A

Uses pre-shared keys for authentication - everyone on the network uses the same key

65
Q

WPA/WPA2 Enterprise

A

Uses separate authentication for all users on the network - requires an authentication server

66
Q

CDMA

A

Used by Verizon and Sprint

67
Q

GSM

A

Originally an EU standard, used globally (AT&T and T-Mobile in the US).

68
Q

LTE

A

Converged GSM and CDMA. Based on GSM and EDGE

69
Q

MIMO

A

Multiple Input Multiple Output - Sending multiple streams of data over the same frequency at the same time (can only do this with one user at a time)

70
Q

MU-MIMO

A

Multi-User Multiple Input Multiple Output - MIMO but can split the stream to multiple devices

Network+ (5 decks)

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