Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Animal Phys > muscle cell structure > Flashcards

muscle cell structure Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

A

skeletal muscle, cardiac, and smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  1. found in voluntary muscles
  2. cells are called muscle fibers - these are long and cylindrical
  3. multinucleate
A

skeletal muscle tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

contraction of skeletal muscle tissue is dependent on stimulation by somatic motor neurons, these form a chemical synapse called what?

A

neuromuscular junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

release of __________ induces an action potential, which stimulates contraction of the muscle. (in skeletal muscle)

A

acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  1. located int he heart
  2. short, irregular- shaped cells
  3. single nucleus
A

cardiac muscle tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

in cardiac muscle, cells are connected by gap junctions that are located within the __________ ____________

A

intercalated discs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cardiac muscle is _____________ , meaning that action potentials arise within the muscle tissue itself.

A

autorhythmic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

action potentials within cardiac muscle are transmitted cell to cell via

A

electrical synapses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  1. located in the viscera and involved in reflexes
  2. spindle-shaped and smaller than muscle fibers
  3. single nucleus
A

smooth muscle tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the 2 types of smooth muscle tissue?

A

single-unit and multi-unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

located in the uterus, GI tract, and small-diameter blood vessels.
- connected by electrical synapses
- autorhythmic

A

single-unit smooth muscle tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

-located in large arteries, respiratory airways, iris of the eye, arrector pili muscles of skin
-not connected by electrical synapses
- contraction stimulated by depolarizing postsynaptic potentials
- do not produce action potentials

A

multi-unit smooth muscle tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the plasma membrane of the muscle cell

A

sarcolemma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the cytosol (ICF) of muscle cell

A

sarcoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cylindrical structures that extend the length of the muscle fiber and contain the sarcomeres.

A

myofibrils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what causes the contraction of the muscle fiber?

A

contraction of sarcomeres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

specialized portion of the ER that acts as a calcium ion storage organelle

A

sarcoplasm reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

propagate action potentials from the sarcolemma to the interior of the muscle fiber

A

transverse tubules (T tubules)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

dark crosswire striations on a myofibril

A

A bands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

light crosswire striations on a myofibril

A

I bands

21
Q

What gives the myofibrils a striated appearance?

A

the A and I bands between myofibrils

22
Q

What are the proteins in the myofibrils organized into?

A

thick or thin filaments

23
Q

Thick filaments are surrounded on all sides by thin filaments

A

yes

24
Q

Where are thick filaments located?

A

in the A bands

25
Q

What is found in the center of each A band?

A

M line

26
Q

The central area of an A band (lighter area flanked by darker areas)

A

H zone

27
Q

What are the dark areas that flank the H zone?

A

where the thick and thin filaments meet

28
Q

Only what kind of filaments are found within the H zone?

A

thick

29
Q

Where are thin filaments located?

A

I band and overlap w A band

30
Q

What is found in the center of each I band?

A

Z disk

31
Q

contractile unit of a myofibril, area between two adjacent Z disks

A

sarcomere

32
Q

a chain of Z disks arranged end-to-end

A

myofibril

33
Q

What are thin filaments made of?

A

G-actin, tropomyosin, troponin

34
Q

a globular protein that can polymerize to form long chains

A

g-actin

35
Q

two g-actin chains coiled together form

A

F-actin

36
Q

Each G-actin has one

A

myosin-binding site

37
Q

A filamentous protein that lies along F-actin, and has the ability to block myosin-binding sites

A

tropomyosin

38
Q

Troponin consists of what 3 subunits?

A

troponin T, troponin I, and Troponin C

39
Q

which troponin subunits can interact w tropomyosin and alter its position w respect to the myosin-binding sites?

A

troponins I and T

40
Q

can bind to calcium ions and regulates the activity of troponins I and T

A

troponin C

41
Q

made primarily of the protein myosin

A

thick filament

42
Q

what is myosin made of? (its characteristics)

A

long, thin tail and two heads at the end of the protein

43
Q

Myosin is composed of how many polypeptides? What are they called and how many are there?

A

6; 2 heavy chains; 4 light chains

44
Q

What do the heavy chains form in myosin?

A

the tails and heads

45
Q

what do the light chains make up?

A

they contribute to the head and form a flexible hinge region bw the head and tail.

46
Q

What sites does the head have on each myosin?

A

an ATPase site and one G-actin binding site

47
Q

consists on 200-400 myosin molecules bundled together

A

1 thick filament

48
Q

the heads that project from the thick filament are called _______________ because they interact w surrounding thin filaments

A

cross-bridges

49
Q

the middle of a thick filament lacks cross-bridges and is referred to as the

A

bare zone

Animal Phys (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions