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Cardiovascular I > Hemodynamics and BP > Flashcards

Hemodynamics and BP Flashcards

1
Q

What is the equation for cardiac output?

A

CO = HR x SV

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2
Q

What is the typical volume of blood contained in the vena cavae?

A

64%

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3
Q

What is the approximately cross-sectional area of the capillary system?

A

2500 cm^2

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4
Q

What is the site of highest resistance in the CVS?

A

Arterioles

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5
Q

What are the equations for flow?

A

F = V x A
F = V x r^2
F = deltaP/R

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6
Q

What is the definition of flow?

A

Volume of liquid or gas that is moving per unit of time

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7
Q

Why is peak velocity method not a good way to estimate flow?

A

It overestimates

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8
Q

Why is mean velocity method not a good way to estimate flow?

A

It underestimates

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9
Q

What is the most accurate way to determine flow?

A

Time-domain correlation method using doppler

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10
Q

Where is blood velocity the highest?

A

Aorta

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11
Q

Where is blood velocity the lowest?

A

Capillaries

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12
Q

What is the relationship between velocity and radius?

A

Inversely proportional
V = 1/r^2

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13
Q

What is the relationship between flow and resistance?

A

Inversely proportional

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14
Q

What is the equation for resistance?

A

R = deltaP/F

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15
Q

What are the general values of total peripheral resistance in systemic and pulmonary circulations?

A

Systemic - 1 peripheral resistance unit
Pulmonary - 0.14 PRU or 1/7 of systemic

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16
Q

What is the equation for conductance?

A

C = 1/R = F/deltaP

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17
Q

What is the definition of conductance?

A

Blood flow through a vessel for a given pressure difference

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18
Q

What is the relationship between temperature and velocity?

A

Inversely proportionate

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19
Q

What is Poiseuille’s equation for resistance?

A

R = (8 x eta x L)/(pi x r^4)
eta = viscosity

20
Q

What is the equation for distensibility?

A

C = deltaV/deltaP

21
Q

What is another name for capacitance?

A

Compliance

22
Q

What can be the result of AV fistula in a major artery on resistance?

A

Decrease in peripheral resistance

23
Q

What are the factors affecting vascular resistance?

A

Size of vessels
Organization of vascular network
Physical characteristics of blood
Extravascular mechanical forces

24
Q

What is the affect of histamine and bradykinin on blood flow?

A

Arteriolar dilation and venoconstriction increase blood flow to the site of secretion

25
Q

What is the affect of serotonin on blood flow?

A

Arteriolar constriction

26
Q

What is the effect of thromboxane A2 on blood flow?

A

Vasoconstrictor

27
Q

What is the effect of prostacyclin on blood flow?

A

Vasodilator

28
Q

What is Reynold’s number used to predict?

A

Type of blood flow
If <2000 always laminar
Between 2000-3000 increased likelihood of turbulent
>3000 always turbulent

29
Q

What increases Reynold’s number?

A

Increased velocity
Decreased viscosity –> anemia or decreased plasma proteins
Increased density

30
Q

What is the equation for BP?

A

BP = CO x TPR

31
Q

What is the relationship between systolic BP and CO?

A

Directly proportional

32
Q

What is the relationship between systolic BP and arterial compliance?

A

Inversely proportional

33
Q

What is the main determining factor in diastolic BP?

A

TPR

34
Q

What is the equation pulse pressure?

A

PP = SBP - DBP

35
Q

What is the normal range for pulse pressure?

A

20-50 mmHg

36
Q

What are the most important determining factors pulse pressure and their relationship?

A

SV - directly proportional
Arterial compliance - inversely proportional

37
Q

What factors can increase pulse pressure?

A

Aortic regurgitation
Hyperthyroidism
Arteriosclerosis
OSA
Exercise

38
Q

What factors can decrease pulse pressure?

A

Aortic stenosis
Cardiogenic shock
Cardiac tamponade
Advanced HF
Hypovolemic shock

39
Q

What is the equation for mean arterial pressure?

A

MAP = 2/3 DBP + 1/3 SBP

40
Q

What is the equation for SVR?

A

SVR = (MAP - RAP)/CO

41
Q

What is the equation for velocity?

A

V = P/R x A

42
Q

What is the normal range for MAP?

A

75 - 105 mmHg

43
Q

Why does the pressure decrease in arterioles?

A

Decreased velocity and increased resistance

44
Q

How does gravity effect pressure below the level of the heart?

A

An increase by 0.77 mmHg per cm

45
Q

How does gravity effect pressure above the level of the heart?

A

A decrease of 0.77 mmHg per cm

Cardiovascular I (20 decks)

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