Chapter 2 Definitions

Question 1

Virus

Answer 1

Infectious particle that reproduces through a host cell

Question 2

DNA

Answer 2

Molecule inside cells that contain genetic info responsible for development and function of an organism

Question 3

RNA

Answer 3

Single strand inside living cell that has structural similarities to DNA

Question 4

Lyctic cycle

Answer 4

• Attachment: recognizes cell and attaches to cell membrane
  -Injection: DNA/RNA is injected into host cell
  -Synthesis: DNA/ RNA hijacks host cell stopping normal functions
  -Assembly: viral nucleic and protein are assembled into new viruses (cloning)
  -Release: host cell opens and releases viruses that infect more host cells

(Does not involve dormant phase)

Question 5

Lysogenic cycle

Answer 5

• Attachment: virus recognizes host cell and attaches to cell membrane
• Injection: DNA/RNA is injected into host cell
• Dormant: when host cell copies DNA it copies viruses DNA too
• Stimuli: stressors like temp change, chemicals, shock, etc. Riggers life cycle
• Synthesis: virus hijacks host cell and stops normal functions
• Assembly: viral nucleic acid and protein coat are assembled into new viruses (clone)
• Release: host cell opens up and viruses are released to infect more host cells

Question 6

Cocci

Answer 6

Spherical bacteria

Question 7

Bacilli

Answer 7

Rod-shapped bacteria

Question 8

Spirochetes

Answer 8

Spiral-shaped bacteria

Question 9

Heterotroph

Answer 9

Organisms that need to eat other organisms to survive

Question 10

Photoautotroph

Answer 10

Plants that convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates in the sun

Question 11

Photoheterotroph

Answer 11

Get energy from sun but still consumes carbon from other organisms

Question 12

Chemoheterotroph

Answer 12

An organism that takes energy from food and still needs to consume other organisms to survive

Question 13

Binary fission

Answer 13

Process of when a parent cell splits into 2 daughter cells

Question 14

Transformation

Answer 14

Process of when exogenous DNA is transferred to host cell

Question 15

Transduction

Answer 15

Process where DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another by a virus

Question 16

Conjugation

Answer 16

Form of sexual reproduction in bacteria

Question 17

Protists

Answer 17

Eukaryote organism that’s not an animal fungi or plant

Question 18

Cilia

Answer 18

Short hair-like structure used for movements in protists

Question 19

Flagella

Answer 19

Long whip-like structure used for movement in prokaryotes/ protists

Question 20

Pseudopod

Answer 20

Extensions of the cytoplasm/cell membrane used for movements in amoeba

Question 21

Asexual reproduction

Answer 21

Reproduction by one organism, identical, fast

Question 22

Sexual reproduction

Answer 22

Reproduction done by 2 or more organisms, unique, slow

Question 23

Fungi

Answer 23

A plant-like organism that does not make chitin

Question 24

Chitin

Answer 24

A type of sugar molecule that is made by some plants and animals

Question 25

Hyphae

Answer 25

The fine, branching tubes which makes up the body or multicellular fungus

Question 26

Mycelium

Answer 26

The part of a fungus that doesn’t reproduce and usually consists of hyphae.

Question 27

Mycorrhizae

Answer 27

Symbiotic associations between plant roots and fungi

Question 28

Haploid

Answer 28

When cells has half the number of usual chromosomes

Question 29

Diploid

Answer 29

2 complete sets of chromosomes in organisms, each parent contributing chromosomes to each pair