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* culture and identity > sexuality > Flashcards

sexuality Flashcards

1
Q

office for national statistics

A

3.1% of UK population 16+ identitifies as LGBTQ in 2020

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2
Q

stonewall statistics

A

family - only half of lesbian, gay and bi people and trans people feel able to be open about their sexual orientation or gender identity to everyone in their family

poverty - 1 in 5 LGBTQ experienced homelessness

ethnicity - half of black, asian and minority ethnic LGBTQ experienced discrimination from others in local LGBTQ community due to ethnicity

work place - more than 1/3rd LGBTQ staff hide at work

hate crime - 2/3rd experience anti-lgbbtq violence or abuse, 9 in 10 experienced verbal abuse

school - 42% bullied, 21% of non lgbtq

international - 70 countries criminalise same-sex relationships

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3
Q

sexuality is a product of biology

A

belief we are born gay, straight or bisexual

belief that there is a gay gene

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4
Q

sexuality is a social construction

A

ann cronin

  • idea of biology from 17th
  • widespread support for idea it is a choice
  • sexually attractive in terms of heterosexual men changes over time from culture to culture
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5
Q

history

A

19th C - illegal and imprisonable
early 20th c - abnormal sexuality - mental illness
1950s - homosexuality mental illness - shock treatment
1957 - report of departmental committee on homosexual offences and prostitution - advices homosexuality should not be illegal

1970-73 - gay liberation front
1972-83 - gay news - gay newspaper - reported on discrimination and political and social advances

1989 - stonewall

2005 - civil partnerships

2014 - gay marriage

2010 - equality act

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6
Q

where are we now

A

Taylor - lesbians have much lower profile than men - decriminalisation of sexuality based on gay men

radical - women wanted to bring social change - political lesbian - will never gain true equality

pm - support rise of gay movement - choice, diversity and equality - positive changes but still discrimination

Dorais - many gay men attempted suicide as struggled with own sexual identity

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7
Q

social experience

A

stigmatised by other members of society
- heteronormative society - labelling

subject to discrimination or stereotyped
- 2010 equality act, rise in labelling

subject to verbal or physical abuse
- hate crime rapidly increasing 41% increase since -2021 and 56% for transgender

different leisure activites
- rise of gay subculture, pink pound

gay people have a relatively low representation in media
- 11.9% representation in TV - harmful stereotypes portrayed - daily mail ‘he’s not only in the wrong body… he’s in the wrong job’ - suicide of trans schoolteacher Lucy Meadows

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8
Q

impact of sexuality on social experience of an individual - positive

A

increased protection by law - equality act 2010

more cultural acceptance through the rise of choice in contemporary society - pm

rise in gay subculture - new leisure opportunities

increase in media representation - more role models

rise in demonstrations

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9
Q

impact of sexuality on social experience of an individual - negative

A

rise in hate crime - leads to social experience of fear and anxiety

low media representation - lack of role models

misrepresentation in media leads to stereotypes

stigmatisation of sexual identity

society still based on heteronormative values

discrimination, low-self esteem

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10
Q

rise of gay subculture

A

1970s - emergence of gay subculture - positive gay identity

gay bars, buying cars

pink pound - spending power for gays
new forms of masculinity

politicised and social identity increased in visibility and political power eg marriage and equal rights

reports - stonewall - campaigning
demonstrations - pride marches
LGBT movement - fight for equality

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11
Q

changes to sexual identity - laws

A

rise of equal rights legislation, eg equality act - 2010, civil partnerships - 2005, gay marriage - 2014

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12
Q

changes to sexual identities - cultural expectations and cultural acceptance

A

increasing change in attitudes since 1960s - gay identities more accepted

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13
Q

changes to sexual identities - rise in more choice of masculinity

A

rise in more choice of masculine identities

men are increasingly more concerned with their body shape, appearance, weight

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14
Q

changes to sexual identities - sexualisation of men’s bodies

A

moobies - male boobs - 2000s

sun newspaper publishing wall of shape - 2005

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15
Q

changes to sexual identities - role of media in body image portrayal

A

men’s bodies more sexualised - naked bodies being portrayed in the media eg Torso of the Week

Daniel Craig - James Bond in Casino Royale - more naked than anyone else in the film

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16
Q

changes to sexual identities - physical scrutiny of men

A

men are now beginning to face the same physical scrutiny as women

McRobbie - beauty stakes have gone up for men, and women have taken up the position of active viewers

17
Q

changes to sexual identities - leisure and consumption

A

gay identity led to gay professionals spending pink pound and engaging in different leisure activities to heterosexual males

18
Q

heterosexuality constructed by culture - sexual attractiveness of female body

A

18th/19th C - paintings show feminine beauty as plump

1950s - marilyn monroe - fill-figured

2010s - skinny supermodels

19
Q

heterosexuality constructed by culture - differing body image portrayal in media

A

criticise fat women - magazines and newspapers

Hunt - media recognises society’s obsession with looking slim - slimness = success - less impact on men

Mulvey - male gaze - sex objects - identity controlled and governed by men eg page 3 of the Sun

20
Q

heterosexuality constructed by culture - double standards in sexual identity

A

men and women have different sexual identities

Lees - women who are promiscuous - slags while men are studs

for women - sexual identity carries risks, especially in the stigmatisation of identity

21
Q

evaluating sexual identities

A

cultural shift and acceptance 0 changes are small and norms of sexual behaviour and sexual identities still constructed by agents of socialisation - regards homosexuality as deviant

Stonewall report 55% experience homophobic bullying - full acceptance not achieved

PM - labelling and homophobia preventing choice and freedom

* culture and identity (21 decks)

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