6. HR

Question 1

Human resource objectives

Answer 1

Diversity
Training
Alignment of values
Employee engagement
Labour productivity
Number, skills and location of employees
Talent development

Question 2

Hard HRM

Answer 2

Staff treated as resource to be managed

Question 3

Soft HRM

Answer 3

Staff treated as asset to help business

Question 4

Human resource data

Answer 4

Quantifiable information that measures workforce performance

Question 5

Labour turnover

Answer 5

Rate of change in firm’s workforce

Question 6

Retention rates

Answer 6

Ability to keep workforce within business for over a year

Question 7

Labour productivity

Answer 7

Measures workforce performance - output per worker

Question 8

Labour cost per unit

Answer 8

Measures average employee cost per unit of output

Question 9

HR planning

Answer 9

Identifies current staffing levels and needs and future staffing levels , needs to be able to take action

Question 10

Job design

Answer 10

Way in which jobs are managed to reduce employee dissatisfaction

Question 11

Job enrichment

Answer 11

Increase in level of responsibility that employee has to increase motivation

Question 12

Job enlargement

Answer 12

Increase in number of responsibilities that employee has to increase motovation

Question 13

Job rotation

Answer 13

Varying tasks employees complete to decrease boredom and increase range of skills

Question 14

Hackman and Oldham’s model definition

Answer 14

Belief that task undertaken by employee is the key to motivation

Question 15

Hackman and Oldham’s 5 job characteristics

Answer 15

Skill variety
Task identity
Task significance
Autonomy
Feedback

Question 16

Hackman and Oldham’s 3 critical psychological states

Answer 16

Experienced meaningfulness of work
Experienced responsibility for work outcomes
Knowledge of actual results

Question 17

Organisational design

Answer 17

Framework that provides business with structure to achieve its objectives

Question 18

Organisational structure

Answer 18

Way a workforce within a firm is organised, including job roles

Question 19

Organisational charts

Answer 19

Provides a visual representation of organisational structure, making it easier to see who does what

Question 20

Delegation

Answer 20

Passing down authority down the hierarchy

Question 21

Centralisation

Answer 21

Responsibility for decision making is maintained by limited amount of managers at top of hierarchy

Question 22

Decentralisation

Answer 22

Responsibility for decision making is delegated to number of middle managers throughout hierarchy

Question 23

HR inflow

Answer 23

Recruitment
Selections

Question 24

HR outflow

Answer 24

Resignations
Redundancies

Question 25

HR internal flow

Answer 25

Training
Redeployment

Question 26

Taylor’s theory

Answer 26

Workers should be monitored closely an paid piece rate

Question 27

Maslow’s theory

Answer 27

Physiological needs
Safety needs
Love needs
Self-esteem needs
Self-acualisation needs

Question 28

Herzberg’s theory

Answer 28

Job satisfaction is key factor to motivation
If motivation factor present then it leads to job satisfaction and hygiene factors present don’t lead to job satisfaction but if absent lead to dissatisfaction

Question 29

Financial methods of motivation

Answer 29

Piece rate
Commission - paid by units sold
Bonus
Salary’s
Profit sharing
Share ownership

Question 30

Non-financial methods of motivation

Answer 30

Job enrichment
Job enlargement
Job rotation
Empowering
Team working
Fringe benefits

Question 31

Work councils

Answer 31

Group of managers and employees who meet regularly to discuss issues regarding business and issues affecting the workforce

Question 32

Trade unions

Answer 32

National organisation with a remit to protect its members and improve their economic and working conditions

Question 33

Good employer-employee relation

Answer 33

Employee loyalty
Conflict reduction
Increased revenue