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Introduction to Sonography > Chapter 1: History of Sonography > Flashcards

Chapter 1: History of Sonography Flashcards

1
Q

What is Ultrasound?

A

Frequencies that are beyond the range of normal human hearing?

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2
Q

What frequencies are ultrasound?

A

Above 20kHz

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3
Q

What are a few examples of applications of ultrasound?

A

Automatic Door Openers, Detecting Flaws in Metal, Sonar.

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4
Q

Ultrasound has medical uses in what two applications?

A

Diagnostic and Therapeutic.

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5
Q

In what 2 therapies does ultrasound help to increase blood flow, speed up the healing process, and create warming in the tissues?

A

Physical and Occupational

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6
Q

What is Lithotripsy?

A

Ultrasound used at high powers to break up gallstones, kidney stones, and heel spurs.

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7
Q

What is the most common use of ultrasound in medicine?

A

Diagnostic

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8
Q

What is the synonym for sonography?

A

Ultrasonography

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9
Q

Sonography is what oldest imaging modality?

A

The 3rd oldest imaging modality

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10
Q

What effect did Jacque and Pierre Currie create?

A

The Piezoelectric effect

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11
Q

What is the Piezoelectric effect?

A

The construction of transducers to generate and receive sounds in the water.

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12
Q

When was the Piezoelectric effect created?

A

1880

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13
Q

What did Paul Langevin create?

A

Sonar type device used to echolocation to detect submarines.

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14
Q

When was the sonar device created by Paul Langevin?

A

1915

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15
Q

What did Ludwig detect?

A

Gallstones

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16
Q

What year did Ludwig detect gallstones?

A

1940s

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17
Q

What did Wild first use ultrasound to detect?

A

Tissue Thickness

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18
Q

What was wild a pioneer of?

A

Early development of early internal scanners

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19
Q

What engineer did wild construct with?

A

John Reid

20
Q

What did John Reid and Wild create?

A

An early prototype breast scanner and the B-Mode (Brightness Modulation techniques with 2D presentations of echo-producing interfaces.

21
Q

What did Edler and Hertz discover?

A

The use of ultrasound in the heart using M-Mode to evaluate the motions of the heart

22
Q

When did Edler and Hertz discover M-Mode?

A

1953

23
Q

What is Ian Donald credited with discovering?

A

First Diagnostic applications of Ultrasound.
Refined techniques for obstetric procedures.
The importance of having a full bladder.

24
Q

What did Holmes, Wright, and Meyerdirk develop?

A

The first compound contact B-Mode scanner

25
Q

When was the first contact B-Mode scanner developed?

A

1962

26
Q

What did Kossoff develop?

A

A new type of scan converter that could process the returning echos as different shades of gray.
How the gray-scale imaging was born.

27
Q

What corporation did Wilcox found?

A

The Advanced Diagnostic Research (ADR)

28
Q

What time frame did new and improved real-time equipment become available?

A

Mid- 1980s.

29
Q

What technique did Baker develop?

A

Blood flow volume from Doppler velocimetry measurements

30
Q

What did the Seattle group create?

A

The first pulsed-doppler combined with 2D gray-scale imaging

31
Q

When did the Seatle group create the pulsed-doppler with gray-scale imaging?

A

1974

32
Q

What technique did the Japanese researchers create?

A

Color-flow mapping techniques.

33
Q

What type of units allow for ultrasound to be available in remote areas?

A

Compact and Handheld devices

34
Q

What were early sonographers called?

A

Ultrasound Technical Specialist

35
Q

How much education did an ultrasound technical specialist require?

A

6 weeks to 6 months beyond High School.

36
Q

What is a technologist?

A

Somone who specializes in technology.

37
Q

Are sonographers considered technologists?

A

Yes

38
Q

What is a sonographer

A

Specific to someone who performs medical sonography.

39
Q

When was the American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography Created?

A

1975

40
Q

What was ARDMS tasked with?

A

To provide valid high-quality certification procedures.

41
Q

What did ARDMS do in 1983?

A

Integrate the practical and oral aspects of the exam into written questions.

42
Q

What did ARDMS do in 1991?

A

Offer computer-based exams.

43
Q

What happened to ARDMS in 2016?

A

Restructured into a council under Intelos.

44
Q

What is Inteleos?

A

A new healthcare organization.

45
Q

What is a sonologist?

A

Any physician who interprets the ultrasound study.

Introduction to Sonography (7 decks)

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