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class g > PHA 619 LAB Aromatic Waters, Solutions, and Syrups > Flashcards

PHA 619 LAB Aromatic Waters, Solutions, and Syrups Flashcards

1
Q

Liquid preparation, which contains one or more substances
dissolved in a suitable solvent

A

Solutions

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2
Q

Advantages of Solutions:

Mnemonic: CIF

A
  • Completely homogenous base
  • Immediate availability for absorption
  • Flexibility (dose, route)
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3
Q

Simplest and most common liquid preparation

A

Solutions

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4
Q

Disadvantages of Solutions:

Mnemonic: DM

A
  • Degrade more rapidly
  • More likely to interact with constituents
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5
Q

Solubility: Parts of Solvent Required for 1 Part of Solute

Term: Very Soluble

A

<1

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6
Q

Solubility: Parts of Solvent Required for 1 Part of Solute

Term: Freely Soluble

A

1-10

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7
Q

Solubility: Parts of Solvent Required for 1 Part of Solute

Term: Soluble

A

10-30

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8
Q

Solubility: Parts of Solvent Required for 1 Part of Solute

Term: Sparingly Soluble

A

30-100

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9
Q

Solubility: Parts of Solvent Required for 1 Part of Solute

Term: Slightly Soluble

A

100-1,000

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10
Q

Solubility: Parts of Solvent Required for 1 Part of Solute

Term: Very Slightly Soluble

A

1,000-10,000

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11
Q

Solubility: Parts of Solvent Required for 1 Part of Solute

Term: Insoluble

A

> 10,000

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12
Q

Most commonly used solvent

A

Water

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13
Q

Type of Water:
Obtained by distillation, ion-exchange, reverse osmosis, etc.

A

Purified Water, USP

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14
Q

Type of Water:
Used in preparation of aqueous dosage forms EXCEPT for parenterals

A

Purified Water, USP

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15
Q

Type of Water:
Purified water FREE of pyrogens

A

Water for injection, USP

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16
Q

Type of Water:
Obtained by distillation or reverse osmosis

A

Water for injection, USP

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17
Q

Type of Water:
Used for parenteral that are to be sterilized after preparation

A

Water for injection, USP

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18
Q

Type of Water:
Used for already sterilized and packaged medication

A

Sterile water for injection, USP

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19
Q

Type of Water:
SWFI that contains antimicrobial agent

A

Bacteriostatic water for injection, USP

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20
Q

Type of Water:
Not for parenteral

A

Sterile water for Inhalation, USP

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21
Q

Type of Water:
WFI sterilized and suitably packaged

A

Sterile water for Irrigation, USP

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22
Q

Type of Water:
“For irrigation use only, not for injection”

A

Sterile water for Irrigation, USP

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23
Q

Type of Water:
Agua Oxinada

A

Sterile water for Irrigation, USP

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24
Q

Type of Water:
Burrow’s Solution (Aluminum Acetate Solution)

A

Sterile water for Irrigation, USP

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25
Q

Two Examples of Aqueous Liquids: Aromatic Water

A

Cinnamon Water and Concentrated Peppermint Water

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26
Q

Clear saturated aqueous solution of volatile oil or other aromatic or volatile substance

A

Aromatic water

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27
Q

Odors or taste are the same as those of the drug or volatile
substance from which they are prepared and should be free
from empyreumatic and other foreign odor

A

Aromatic water

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28
Q

Generally used as flavored and perfumed vehicle

A

Aromatic water

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29
Q

Volatile substances used should be of pharmacopeial quality or
the best quality if finest flavor is desire in case of unofficial
preparation

A

Aromatic water

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30
Q

Stability of Aromatic Water

Mnemonic: 2P2D

A

Preparations are not permanently stable
Protection from excessive light and heat
Deterioration may be due to volatilization
Decomposition/ mold growth/ producing cloudy preparation/ disagreeable odor

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31
Q

Slowest, most expensive method but the most satisfactory method of preparation

A

Distillation Preparation

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32
Q

Example of aromatic water that underwent through distillation process

A

Strong rose water

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33
Q

Type of distillation when distillate is returned several times to distill with fresh portions of flower

A

Cohobation

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34
Q

Double distillate, triple or quadruple minimizes ______

A

loss of water-soluble components

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35
Q

Orange/ Rose flowers

A

Cohobation

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36
Q

The most frequently employed process of preparing aromatic water

A

Alternate Solution Method

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37
Q

True or False: The dispersing agent decreases the surface of volatile substance ensuring more rapid saturation of water and forms an efficient filter bed thus producing a turbid solution

A

False

The dispersing agent INCREASES the surface of volatile substance ensuring more rapid saturation of water and forms an efficient filter bed thus producing a CLEAR solution

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38
Q

Examples of Distilled Beverages

Mnemonic: BRWW

A

Brandy - distilled wine
Rhum - molasses
Wine - mild stimulant and tonic
Whiskey - malted grain

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39
Q

Brandy: ___

A

distilled wine

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40
Q

Rhum: ___

A

molasses

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41
Q

Wine: ___

A

mild stimulant and tonic

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42
Q

Whiskey: ___

A

malted grain

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43
Q

A method that saves time and equipment but do not agitate when drawing aromatic water if the excess volatile oil is allowed to remain

A

Direct Solution Method

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44
Q

Liquid preparation that contain one or several soluble chemical substance dissolve in suitable solvent or mixture of mutual miscible liquids

A

Solution

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45
Q

Two components of Solution

A

Solvent and Solute

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46
Q

The one that is being dissolves

A

Solute

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47
Q

The one that dissolves

A

Solvent

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48
Q

Prepared by dissolving the solute in a suitable solvent

A

Simple Solution

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49
Q

Examples of simple solutions

A

NaCl solution, Strong Iodine Solution

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50
Q

Prepared by reacting two or more solute with each other in a suitable solvent

A

Solutions by Chemical Reaction

51
Q

Examples of simple solutions by chemical reaction

Mnemonic: AMS

A

Aluminum subacetate solution, Magnesium citrate solution, Sulfurated lime solution

52
Q

If the solute is a volatile oil

A

Solution by Distillation

53
Q

Drug or pharmaceutical necessities of vegetable or animal origin, also called extractives

A

Solution by Extraction

54
Q

Method of Extraction: Submerging of solute

A

Maceration

55
Q

Method of Extraction: Using percolator

A

Percolation

56
Q

Method of Extraction: Aid of gentle heat

A

Digestion

57
Q

Method of Extraction: Blanching, addition of hot water

A

Infusion

58
Q

Method of Extraction: Boiling for 15 min

A

Decoction

59
Q

Solvent used for extraction

A

Menstrum

60
Q

Inert fibrous material and other insoluble materials remaining after extraction

A

Marc

61
Q

Preparation of liquid (tinctures), semisolid (soft extracts), or solid (dry extracts)

A

Extracts

62
Q

Category of Calcium Hydroxide Topical Solution

A

Topical solution

63
Q

Clear, colorless solution with an alkaline taste

A

Calcium Hydroxide Topical Solution

64
Q

Synonym of Calcium Hydroxide Topical Solution

A

Lime water

65
Q

Uses of Calcium Hydroxide Topical Solution

A

Employed with other ingredients in dermatological solution and lotion
Astringent
As protector in lotion preparation and an emulsifying agent

66
Q

Method of preparation used in preparing Calcium Hydroxide Topical Solution

A

The method preparation was simple method

67
Q

True or False: Undissolved portion is not suitable for preparation of additional quantity of Ca(OH)2 solution to ensure saturated solution.

A

True

68
Q

Bottle should be filled up to the ___

A

brim

69
Q

True or False: The solution (Calcium Hydroxide Topical Solution) should be stored in well-filled, tightly stoppered containers to deter the adsorption of CO2 and should be kept in a cool place to maintain an adequate concentration of dissolved solute.

A

False

The solution (Calcium Hydroxide Topical Solution) should be stored in well-filled, tightly stoppered containers to deter the ABSORPTION of CO2 and should be kept in a cool place to maintain an adequate concentration of dissolved solute.

70
Q

Category of Strong Iodine Solution

A

Topical Solution

71
Q

Synonym of Strong Iodine Solution

A

Lugol’s solution, Iodine Potassium Iodide, Liquor iodi, Aqueous Iodine Solution

Learning Tool: LILA

72
Q

A liquid with a deep brown color and odor
of iodine

A

Strong Iodine Solution

73
Q

Uses of Strong Iodine Solution

A

Treatment of thyrotoxicosis
Antigoiterogenic
Germicidal and fungicidal
Antiseptic
Keratolytic

Learning Tool: KAGAT

74
Q

Method of preparation used in preparing Strong Iodine Solution

A

The method preparation was simple method

75
Q

Why does porcelain spatula is used instead of metal spatula?

A

In weighing the iodine crystals, use porcelain spatula instead of stainless because it reacts with metal

76
Q

True or False: KI is used as solubilizing agent

A

True

77
Q

Category of Magnesium Citrate Solution

A

Saline catarthic

78
Q

Synonyms of Magnesium Citrate Solution

A

Citrate, Citrate of magnesia, Magnessi citralis, Lemonada purgante

Learning Tool: C Czarina ay Maganda at Loveable AYYEE

79
Q

It is a colorless to slightly yellow, clear effervescent liquid having a sweet acidulous taste and a lemon flavor

A

Magnesium Citrate Solution

80
Q

Uses of Magnesium Citrate Solution

A

Saline cathartic, increases water in the intestines, which may induce defecation

81
Q

It is a naturally occurring material

A

Magnesium (Mg)

82
Q

It is important for many systems in the body especially the muscles and nerves

A

Magnesium (Mg)

83
Q

It acts as a natural calcium blocker to help muscles relax

A

Magnesium (Mg)

84
Q

Method of preparation used in preparing Magnesium Citrate Solution

A

The method of preparation used was chemical reaction

85
Q

A method done to the bottle to prevent the growth of microorganism

A

Sterilizing

86
Q

True or False: Magnesium Citrate Solution has always been simple to do because it has a tendency to deposit a crystalline solid upon standing that is due to the formation of some almost insoluble normal Mg citrate.

A

False

Magnesium Citrate Solution has always been a “troublesome” because it has a tendency to deposit a crystalline solid upon standing. This is due to the formation of some almost insoluble normal Mg citrate.

87
Q

True or False: The cause of the problem in Magnesium Citrate Solution has largely attributed to the indefinite composition of the official MgCO3 which by definition is a acidic hydrated MgCO3 or a normal hydrated MgCO3

A

False

The cause of the problem in Magnesium Citrate Solution has largely attributed to the indefinite composition of the official MgCO3 which by definition is a BASIC hydrated MgCO3 or a normal hydrated MgCO3

88
Q

The solution that provides an excellent medium for the growth of molds, and any mold spores present during the manufacture of the solution that must be killed for the preparation to remain stable

A

Magnesium Citrate Solution

89
Q

True or False: During the preparation of Magnesium Citrate Solution, liquid is heated to boiling (prior to carbonation); boiled water is employed to bring the solution to its proper volume

A

True

90
Q

Ways to prevent contamination in Magnesium Citrate Solution

A

Sterilizing the bottle, or rinsing the bottle with boiling water, or sterilizing the final solution

91
Q

True or False: Mg citrate solution is stored in a hot place keeping the bottle on its side so the cork or rubber liner of the cap is kept moist or swollen, thereby maintaining the airtight seal between the cap and the bottle

A

False

Mg citrate solution is stored in a cold place, preferably in a refrigerator, keeping the bottle on its side so the cork or rubber liner of the cap is kept moist or swollen, thereby maintaining the airtight seal between the cap and the bottle

92
Q

A concentrated solution of a sugar usually sucrose in water

A

Syrup

93
Q

3 kinds of syrup

A
  1. Simple Syrup
  2. Medicated Syrup
  3. Flavored Syrup
94
Q

it is a clear, concentrated, sweet, aqueous, hypertonic solution of sugar with striations

A

Simple syrup

95
Q

Aqueous solution of sucrose that contains pharmaceutically active ingredient and has a therapeutic effect

A

Medicated Syrup

96
Q

Ferrous sulfate, Ipecac is an example of what type of syrup

A

Medicated Syrup

97
Q

It contains aromatic and pleasantly flavored substance and is intended as a vehicle or flavor for prescription

A

Flavored/Non-Medicated Syrup

98
Q

A type of syrup that does not contain an active ingredient

A

Flavored/Non-Medicated Syrup

99
Q

An example of syrup that masks the bitter taste of alkaloids

A

Glycyrrhiza syrup

100
Q

A type is syrup that is used to serve as flavorant

A

Chocolate syrup

101
Q

A fast method wherein sucrose is added to water and heated until solution is effected

A

Agitation with Heat

102
Q

True or False: Excessive heating will cause inversion of sucrose –> glucose + fructose (sweeter, with a decreased tendency to ferment)

A

False

Excessive heating will cause inversion of sucrose –> glucose + fructose (sweeter, with an INCREASED tendency to ferment)

103
Q

True or False: Overheating (>100) –> caramelize, yellowish to blackish in color

A

False

Overheating (>100) –> caramelize, yellowish to brownish in color

104
Q

Acacia syrup, cocoa syrup is done through what type of method of preparation of syrup

A

Agitation with Heat

105
Q

A method preparation of syrup that avoids heat-induced inversion

A

Agitation without Heat

106
Q

A method preparation of syrup used for substances that are heat-sensitive

A

Agitation without Heat

107
Q

A method preparation of syrup that is slowest, time-consuming

A

Agitation without Heat

108
Q

Example of syrup that is produced through agitation without heat method

A

Ferrous Sulfate syrup

109
Q

It permits the purified water to pass slowly through a bed of crystalline sucrose to dissolve it

A

Percolation (Examples: Tolu Balsam, Syrup NF)

110
Q

It involves the simple admixture of sugar to a prepared medicated liquid; not self-preserving

A

Addition of sucrose to medicated liquid

111
Q

An example of syrup (Addition of sucrose to medicated liquid)

A

Senna Syrup

112
Q

Components of Syrup

A
  • The sugar, usually sucrose or sugar substitute
  • Antimicrobial preservatives
  • Flavorants
  • Colorants

Also, many types of syrups contain special solvents, solubilizing agents, thickeners or stabilizers

Learning Tool: CFAT (College of Fine Arts and Tesign)

113
Q

True or False: Many types of syrups contain special solvents, solubilizing agents, thickeners or stabilizers

A

True

114
Q

Specific gravity of simple syrup

A

1.313

115
Q

The concentration of simple syrup should be?

A

The concentration of syrup should be 85% w/v or 65% w/w

116
Q

What percent of concentration makes the syrup self-preserving due to high osmotic pressure

A

60-80% w/w

↓60% concentration prone to microbial growth
↑85% concentration can crystallize the sucrose present

117
Q

Synonyms of Simple Syrup

A

Syrupus, Sirup, syrup

118
Q

It is clear solution of sucrose in purified water

A

Simple Syrup

119
Q

Uses of Simple Syrup

A

Sweetening agent and a sweet vehicle and as basis for many flavored and medicated syrup

120
Q

Synonyms of Chocolate Syrup

A

Cacao Syrup, Chocolate Flavored Syrup

121
Q

A viscous, dark brown syrup with the odor and taste of cocoa

A

Chocolate Syrup

122
Q

It is used as flavored vehicle

A

Chocolate Syrup

123
Q

True or False: Cocoa containing NMT 15% non-volatile ether soluble extractives or fats yields syrup having a minimum tendency to separate

A

False

Cocoa containing NMT 12% non-volatile ether soluble extractives or fats
yields syrup having a minimum tendency to separate

124
Q

Preservatives added to prevent bacterial and mold growth when sucrose concentration is low

A

Sodium benzoate and glycerin

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