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ANURBF MIDTERM > CRYSTALS (Crystalluria) > Flashcards

CRYSTALS (Crystalluria) Flashcards

1
Q

formed by precipitation of urinary solutes (organic compounds, salts, medication, etc.)

A

CRYSTALS

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2
Q

Factors affecting precipitation/that contribute to crystal formation:

A

Temperature
Solute concentration
pH

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3
Q

CRYSTALS

A
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4
Q

abnormal crystals may be [?] and reported per [?]

A

averaged
HPF

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5
Q

Refrigerated specimens

A

Amorphous urates

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6
Q

pH >5.5

A

Amorphous urates

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7
Q

Clumps - formation of renal caliculi

A

Calcoum Oxalate (CaOx)

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8
Q

Increased in food rich in oxalic acid (tomatoes, asparagus, amd ascorbic acid)

A

Calcoum Oxalate (CaOx)

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9
Q

Calcoum Oxalate (CaOx) Forms:

A

Dihydrate (Wheddelite)
Monohydrate (Whewelite)

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10
Q
  • colorless, octahedral envelope or as two pyramids joined at their bases
A

Dihydrate (Wheddelite)

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11
Q

(Wheddelite)

A

Dihydrate

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12
Q
  • oval or dumbbell shaped
A

Monohydrate (Whewelite)

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13
Q

(Whewelite)

A

Monohydrate

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14
Q
  • ethylene glycol (antifreeze) poisoning
A

Monohydrate

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15
Q

Pleomorphic - rhombic, four-sided flat plates (whetstones), wedges, and rosettes

A

Uric acid crystals

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16
Q

Yellow-brown/colorless

A

Uric acid crystals

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17
Q

Uric acid crystals Increased amounts:

A

Increased levels of purine and nucleic acid
Leukemia patients receiving chemotherapy
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome (orange-sand in diapers)
Gout

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18
Q

Refrigerated - white precipitate

A

Amorphous phosphate

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19
Q

Yellow-brown thorny apples

A

Ammonium biurate

20
Q

Colorless, flat rectangular plates

A

Calcium phosphate/apatite

21
Q

Thin prisms often in rosette formation - resembles sulfonamide crystals

A

Calcium phosphate/apatite

22
Q

Colorless, prism-shape

A

Triple phosphate

23
Q

Feathery appearance when they disintegrate

A

Triple phosphate

24
Q

Color: Yellow-brown

A

Uric Acid

25
Q

Solubility in Solubility in ammonia: Soluble

A

Uric Acid

26
Q

Solubility in Solubility in HCl: Insoluble

A

Uric Acid

27
Q

Bifringence: Birefringent

A

Uric Acid

28
Q

Cyanide-nitroprusside reaction: Negative

A

Uric Acid

29
Q

Color: Colorless

A

Cystine

30
Q

Solubility in Solubility in ammonia: Soluble

A

Cystine

31
Q

Solubility in Solubility in HCl: Soluble

A

Cystine

32
Q

Bifringence: Not Birefringent

A

Cystine

33
Q

Cyanide-nitroprusside reaction: Positive

A

Cystine

34
Q

Cystine Clinical significance

A

Cystinuria
Cystinosis

35
Q
  • a metabolic disorder that prevents reabsorption of cystine by the renal tubules
A

Cystinuria

36
Q
  • accumulation of cystine in cells
A

Cystinosis

37
Q

Rosettes, arrowheads, or round

A

Sulfonamide

38
Q

Possible tubular damage

A

Sulfonamide

39
Q

Mistaken as calcium phosphate crystals

A

Sulfonamide

40
Q

Lignin Test
Newspaper: Urine + 25% HCl -> (+) Yellow

A

Sulfonamide

41
Q

Diazo reaction

A

Sulfonamide

42
Q

Precipitation of antibiotics following massive doses without adequate hydration

A

Ampicillin

43
Q

Fine colorless to yellow needles that frequently form clumps or rosettes

A

Tyrosine

44
Q

Usually seen in conjunction with leucine cyrstals in specimens with positive chemical test results for bilirubin

A

Tyrosine

45
Q

Inherited disorders of amino-acid metabolism

A

Tyrosine

46
Q

Hepatic disorders

A

Bilirubin

47
Q

Clumped needles of granules with the characteristic yellow color of [?]

A

Bilirubin

ANURBF MIDTERM (10 decks)

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