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Intro Psyc 1000 > Memory > Flashcards

Memory Flashcards

1
Q

memory

A

retention of information over time

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2
Q

basic memory types

A

encoding, storage, retrieval

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3
Q

encoding

A

getting information into memory

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4
Q

storage

A

holding information in memory over time

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5
Q

storage

A

holding information in memory over time

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6
Q

retrieval

A

finding information in the memory

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7
Q

maintenance rehearsal

A

repeating information without thinking about the meaning (phone #, grocery list)

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8
Q

elaborative rehearsal

A

thinking about the meaning of the information you’re studying

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9
Q

self reference effect

A

deepest processing level, most durable, linking what you study to yourself makes it easier to retrieve

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10
Q

spacing effect

A

learn information better by spreading out encoding into short sessions rather than long

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11
Q

testing effect

A

learn information better if you test yourself rather than just rereading

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12
Q

information processing model of memory storage

A

information must pass through 3 stages of mental processing before it’s fully embedded into memory

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13
Q

sensory memory

A

holds onto information from senses just long enough for you to identify it

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14
Q

short term memory

A

holds onto infirmation we’re currently using for a limited amount of time

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15
Q

working memory

A

allows us to do mental work (holding information in memory while you manipulate it) and make decisions, think, imagine

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16
Q

storage capacity

A

immediate memory span: max number of items you can recall perfectly after one presentation

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17
Q

magic number of items you can remember after one presentation

A

7 items (give or take 2)

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18
Q

short term memory duration

A

lasts 18-30 seconds if you’re not actively using the information

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19
Q

long term memory

A
  • capable of storing all information we encounter
  • once something is a long term memory, it remains there until death, disease, or injury
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20
Q

explicit long term memory

A

memory of facts/experiences that we know and can state

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21
Q

episodic long term memory

A

memory of our own personal life events, childhood, birthdays, graduation

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22
Q

semantic long term memory

A

memory of impersonal facts, generalized knowledge of the world

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23
Q

implicit long term memory

A

memory without conscious recollection (often involves unconscious influence of past experiences)

24
Q

procedural long term memory

A

memory of how to perform routine skills and automatic tasks (brush teeth, ride bike)

25
Q

retrieval

A

getting information out of memory (made easier with retrieval cues)

26
Q

retrival cues

A
  • aid retrieval
  • info in brain stored in dense networks of association areas
  • spreading activation: closely related concepts activate each other
27
Q

context dependent memory

A

we remember info better if we’re in the same environment where the info was learned (environment provides retrieval cues)

28
Q

state dependent memory

A

we remember info better if we’re in the same physiological state we were when we learned it (emotions, caffeine, hunger level)

29
Q

reasons for forgetting

A

encoding failure

30
Q

storage decay

A

fading of unused memories over time

31
Q

displacement

A

new information replaces old information

32
Q

short term memory forgetting

A

storage decay and displacement

33
Q

retrival failure

A

information is there, you just can’t access it

34
Q

long term memory forgetting

A

retrieval failure

35
Q

relearning

A

faster to relearn info than intially learn it

36
Q

hermann ebbinghaus

A

forgetting curve (anything you learn or don’t use, you forget)
- curve levels off
- curve can reset (repeat studying at different times)

37
Q

constructing memories

A
  • memory is a constructive process (add and subtract details)
  • we remodel memories without realizing
  • when you remember a long term memory, it returns to short term memory temporarily
38
Q

misinformation effect

A

exposure to new info (especially misleading info) alters our memories

39
Q

eyewitness testimony

A

witnesses can be lead to believe they saw things that never happened

40
Q

traumatic events and memory

A

repression of memories rarely occurs, we overremember traumatic events

41
Q

biological bases of memory

A

changes in brain’s synpases (new ones creates or existed ones modified)

42
Q

long term potentiation

A

one neuron gets better at activating another neuron

43
Q

acetylcholine

A

neurotransmitter especially effect by alzheimers

44
Q

glutamine

A

long term potentiation process

45
Q

norepinepherine

A

facilitates encoding of emotional memories

46
Q

stress hormones

A
  • facilitate encoding of emotional memory
  • under extreme stress only remember major things
47
Q

hippocampus

A

main structure involved in memory
- essential for ability to transfer info from short term memory to long term memory
- long term memories NOT stored here

48
Q

cortex

A

long term memories stored in various parts of the cortex

49
Q

amygdala

A

encoding emotional memories

50
Q

cerebellum

A

stores memories from classical conditioning

51
Q

basal ganglia

A

stores memories from procedural

52
Q

amnesia

A

brain damage from physical trauma

53
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

difficulty remembering past
- occurs as a result of generalized trauma to brain
- oftentimes people recover and remember earlier memories then later memories

54
Q

anterograde amnesia

A

difficulty forming memories
- heavy damage to hippocampus/surrounding area
- only remember new info for 18-30 seconds
- can still form new implicit memories

55
Q

H.M. inspired studies

A
  • he suffered from epilepsy
  • doctors removed parts of his temporal lobe
  • result: henry couldn’t remember new info for more than 20 seconds

Intro Psyc 1000 (5 decks)

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