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Astronomy > Planet Surfaces & Minerals > Flashcards

Planet Surfaces & Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

Silicate Minerals

A

-Olivine
- Pyroxene
-felspar
- quartz
-spinel
-garnet
- ( Plastic Feminists Questioned Superb Gluttons Obediently.)
- dense greenish minerals common in the mantle

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2
Q

felspar

A

orthoclase and plagioclase

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3
Q

quartz

A

less dense and is a brighter mineral common in the crust

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4
Q

spinel and garnet

A

denser minerals found in the mantle

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5
Q

common igneous rocks

A

rocks that are mixtures of minerals but can sometimes be pure
-can be fine or course (course in formed deep and fine is formed close to the surface)
-basalt
-andesite

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6
Q

basalt

A

-made from volcanic lavas
-rich in calcium (plagioclase and pyroxene)

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7
Q

Andesite

A

-made from melted basalt
-rich in plagioclase

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8
Q

latitude (N-S) & longitude (E-W)

A

-we use the location of the earth to understand the the sky
-when you move to different latitudes different stars become visible

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9
Q

Prime Meridian

A

-center line of the earth
-placed along England

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10
Q

the elliptical

A

the suns path on the celestial sphere

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11
Q

reflection signature (spectrum) of surfaces and atmospheres

A

-help reveal what minerals and gases they contain
-can also do this with asteroids and meteorites

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12
Q

inside the earth

A

-interior is crust, mantle, liquid outer core, and solid core

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13
Q

continental crust

A

-up to 40 km thick
-granite and andesite

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14
Q

oceanic crust

A

-only 5 km thick
-basalt

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15
Q

inside mercury

A

-large iron core (liquid)
-large density
-has magnetic field

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16
Q

Inside the moon

A

-crust is 60 km thick and made of anorthosite
-mantle is made of olivine and pyroxene
-core is made of iron and sulfur

17
Q

How do you pave the moon in anorthosite?

A
  1. meteorites hit and melted the original crust
  2. the melted meteorites melted with the crust
  3. cooled slowly and the lighter materials rose while the denser sank
18
Q

origin of the moon

A

made of material blasted from earths mantle by mars size impact 4.5 billion years ago

19
Q

the celestial sphere

A

-the dome of stars that we see overhead represents only half of the sky
-stars surround us in all directions

20
Q

constellations

A

sometimes patterns or groups of stars appear as a animal, person, or object called a constellation

21
Q

seismic waves

A

-can map interior of planets in detail
-P (compression) waves go through solid and liquid
-S (Shear) waves go through solids only

22
Q

magnetic fields

A

can reveal Prescence of liquid metal core

23
Q

classes of minerals

A

silicate, carbohydrate, sulfate, icy
(Cranky Snakes Spewed Idiots)

24
Q

silicate

A

-most common minerals in crust and mantle
-forms when lava cools and crystalizes

25
Q

carbonate

A

-needs water to form
-limestone

26
Q

sulfate

A

-sulfur lavas
-yellow
-also on Jupiter

27
Q

Icy

A

Frozen volatiles and satellites

28
Q

Mercuries terrain

A

-heavily cratered
-inter-cratered terrain
-smooth lava flows in basins (called caloris basin)
-has cliffs

29
Q

Venuses terrain

A

-rolling plains
-2 continents (Ishtar with maxwell mountains and Aphrodite with Artemis corona)
-volcanic region
-craters

30
Q

Earths Terrain

A

-continents with mountain ranges
-seafloor with mid ocean ridges

31
Q

The moons Terrain

A

-far side (cratered almost completely)
-near side (cratered highlands, lava filled maria
-lava filled maria
-craters (Copernicus and Tycho)

32
Q

Mar’s Terrain

A

-cratered terrain in the south
-volcanic plains in the north
-large basins
-volcanic areas
-huge valley
-ice caps at poles

33
Q

Planetary Surfaces are shaped by different processes

A

-eternal event (Impact cratering)
-atmospheres (erosion and volatile deposits)
-interiors (bulk chemistry, volcanism, and plate tectonics)

34
Q

Impact craters

A

-all over the solar system
-on all 5 terrestrial planets
-3 types (simple, complex, basins)

35
Q

simple

A

-less that 20km across
-bowl shaped

36
Q

complex

A

-flat floor with central peak and ridges on the sides
-20-200km across
-rays

37
Q

basins

A

-less that 200km across
-ex. Mari basin on moon
-fracture lines deep underground
-lava from beneath paves the basins

38
Q

celestial coordinates

A

-like longitude and latitude of the earth but for the sky
-right ascension (e-w)
-declination (n-s)

Astronomy (6 decks)

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