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Chemistry > 1.2 Basic ideas about Atoms > Flashcards

1.2 Basic ideas about Atoms Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three fundamental parts of atoms?

A

Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

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2
Q

What is the charge and mass of a Proton?

A

+1
1

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3
Q

What is the charge and mass of a Neutron?

A

0
1

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4
Q

What is the charge and mass of an Electron?

A

-1
Negligible

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5
Q

Atomic Number

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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6
Q

Mass Number

A

The number of protons + the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

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7
Q

Isotopes

A

Are atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

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8
Q

Ion

A

Is a particle where the number of electrons does not equal the number of protons

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9
Q

What is the overall charge of an atom?

A

0 or neutral

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10
Q

α - particles

A

Have a nucleus of 2 protons and 2 neutrons, therefore positively charged

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11
Q

β - particles

A

Are fast moving electrons, therefore negatively charged

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12
Q

γ - rays

A

Are high energy electromagnetic radiation, therefore no charge

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13
Q

What are α - particles stopped by?

A

A few cm of air or a thin sheet of paper

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14
Q

What are β - particles stopped by?

A

5mm thick sheet of aluminium

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15
Q

what can γ - rays pass through?

A

Several cm of lead or more than a meter of concrete

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16
Q

What is the most ionising type of radiation

A

α - particles

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17
Q

Half-life

A

Is the time taken for half the atoms in a radioisotope to decay

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18
Q

Two consequences for living cells exposed to ionisation?

A

The DNA may be damaged causing the cell to not function in the way it should or at all

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19
Q

Name three beneficial uses of radioactivity?

A

Medicine (Cobalt-60 in cancer treatments, radiotherapy)
Radio-dating (Carbon-14’s half life is used to calculate the age of plant and animal remains)
Industry analysis ( Measuring the thickness of sheets of foil)

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20
Q

Atomic orbital

A

Is a region in an atom that can hold up to two electrons with opposite spins

21
Q

How many electrons can an s subshell hold?

A

2

22
Q

How many electrons can a p subshell hold?

A

6

23
Q

How many electrons can a d subshell hold?

A

10

24
Q

How many electrons can a f subshell hold?

A

14

25
Q

What shape are p orbitals?

A

Dumbbell shaped lobes (infinity symbol)

26
Q

How many planes do p orbitals come in?

A

3
px, py, pz

27
Q

Electronic Configuration

A

Is the arrangement of electrons in an atom

28
Q

First Ionisation Energy

A

Is the energy required to remove one electron form each atom in one mole of its gaseous atoms.

29
Q

Shielding Effect

A

Is the repulsion between electrons in different shells. Inner shell electrons repel outer shell electrons

30
Q

Successive Ionisation Energies

A

Is the measure of energy needed to remove each electron in turn until all the electrons are removed from an atom

31
Q

A large increase in ionisation energies shows that

A

An electron has been removed from an new shell closer to the nucleus

32
Q

Light is a form of … radiation

A

Electromagnetic

33
Q

What is electromagnetic radiation?

A

Energy travelling as waves

34
Q

The frequency of electromagnetic radiation is … to energy

A

Directly proportional

35
Q

The frequency of electromagnetic radiation is … to wavelength

A

Indirectly proportional

36
Q

Between what wavelengths does the visible spectrum appear?

A

400nm and 700nm

37
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum order (from lowest to highest wavelength)

A

Gamma ray, X-rays, Ultraviolet, Visible, Infrared, Microwaves, Radio waves

38
Q

In the visible spectrum the smaller wave lengths are a … colour

A

purply blue

39
Q

In the visible spectrum the larger wave lengths are a … colour

A

redy pink

40
Q

Emission spectra

A

Electrons gain energy and rise to higher energy levels, when they fall they release the energy, depending on the distance they fall they release different wavelengths.

41
Q

Lyman series falls to which level of n?

A

1

42
Q

Balmer series falls to which level of n?

A

2

43
Q

Paschen series falls to which level of n?

A

3

44
Q

Convergence limit

A

Is when the spectral lines become so close together they have a continuous band of radiation and separate lines cannot be distinguished

45
Q

Which series Lyman, Balmer or Paschen is in the visible spectrum?

A

Balmer

46
Q

Electronic transition

A

Is the movement of an electron from one energy levels to another

47
Q

Spectral lines

A

Are the lines emitted by falling electrons

48
Q

When a atom emits an alpha particle its mass number … and its atomic number …

A

decreases by 4
decreases by 2

49
Q

When an atom emits a beta particle its mass number … and its atomic number …

A

stays the same
Increases by 1

Chemistry (17 decks)

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