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VMS3011 Veterinary Medicine 2 > Haematopoetic Treatment > Flashcards

Haematopoetic Treatment Flashcards

1
Q

Haemorrhage - trauma (ruminant)

A
  • Prevention of ongoing losses: pressure/packing; surgical repair
  • Correction of deficits: volume replacement; blood transfusion
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2
Q

Haemorrhage - abomasal ulceration (ruminant)

A
  • Acute = high-grade ulcer, poor Px, consider euthanasia
  • Chronic - dietary modification - dec CHO, inc NDf
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3
Q

Haemorrhage - pulmonary thromboembolism (ruminant)

A

(Poor individual Px)
- Systemic AB
- +/- Blood transfusion
- Dietary modification

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4
Q

Babesiosis -> anaemia (cow)

A
  • Imidocarb propionate (Imizol) - only licensed Tx for Babesia divergens (also used as preventative)
  • Blood transfusion
  • NSAIDs for fever
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5
Q

Brassica poisoning (cow)

A
  • Blood transfusion
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6
Q

Tick-borne fever (anaplasmosis) (ruminant - sheep)

A
  • AB: Sulfonamides / tetracyclines
  • Establish/maintain immunity
  • Avoid moving non-immune animals to at-risk grazing during breeding season
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7
Q

Iron-deficiency anaemia (porcine)

A
  • Fe IM
  • Creep feed supplementation
  • Prevention = 200 mg Fe injections IM neck to piglets under 3d
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8
Q

Haemorrhage (porcine)

A
  • Sx
  • Supportive
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9
Q

Warfarin coagulopathy (porcine)

A
  • Vit K preparations
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10
Q

Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) (PCV2) (porcine)

A
  • PCV2 vaccination
  • Biosecurity
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11
Q

Infectious bursal disease (IBD, Gumboro) (poultry)

A
  • No curative
  • Supportive
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12
Q

Canine lymphoma

A
  • Multicentric
  • (QoL improvement, eventually relapse w/ chemo-resistant, disseminated disease)
  • Sx (solitary site) - nodal, extranodal - splenectomy, GI perforation
  • Radiation therapy - half body irradiation, solitary extranodal, palliative
  • Immunotherapy - MAb 231
  • Chemotherapy - mainstay of therapy (CHOP - cyclophosphamide (cytoxan), doxorubicin (adriamycin), vincristine (oncovin), prednisolone, L-asparaginase - multiple protocols = greater survival, costs, toxicity, visits
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13
Q

Feline lymphoma

A
  • Sx - GI perforation
  • Radiation - mediastinal, nasal
  • Chemotherapy - mainstay, multidrug, doxorubicin for induction
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14
Q

Leukaemia (companion animal)

A
  • Supportive care - BM sig suppressed
  • Aggressive chemo (poorly responsive) - average survival <4 m
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15
Q

Polycythaemia vera (neoplasia) (companion animal)

A
  • Phlebotomy (blood withdrawals), dec circulating PCV
  • Radiophosphorus
  • Every 2 - 3 m
  • Hydroxyurea -> reversible myelosuppression
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16
Q

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) (companion animal)

A
  • Chlorambucil long-term
  • Prednisolone
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17
Q

Normochromic, normocytic - regenerative anaemia

A
  • Packed red blood cells
  • (Has no coagulation factors so not for coagulopathies)
18
Q

Bleeding disorders (companion animal)

A
  • Coagulopathies (e.g. vit K deficiency + rodenticide poisoning) - SC/PO vit K
  • Anti-coagulation/anti-clotting - heparin; low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs)
  • Antiplatelets - aspirin; clopidogrel
19
Q

Coagulopathy + active haemorrhage

A
  • Fresh whole blood - replacing RBCs + clotting factors
20
Q

Coagulopathy (w/o anaemia)

A
  • Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)
21
Q

Vitamin K deficiency e.g. rodenticide toxicity

A
  • Frozen plasma (don’t need all clotting factors)
  • Cryoprecipitate
  • Cryo-supernatant
22
Q

von Willebrands Disease

A
  • Cryo-precipitate, smaller vol of clotting factors, less risk of vol overload
  • (FFP)
23
Q

Transfusion volume (anaemia)

A
24
Q

Transfusion volume (coagulopathy)

A
25
Q

Rate of transfusion administration

A
26
Q

Acute immunological transfusion reaction (mild)

A
  • Reduce rate (half rate of admin)
  • Stop transfusion - allow temp, pulse + resp to normalise + restarts at lower rate (half initial rate)
27
Q

Acute immunological transfusion reaction (severe)

A

(Not definitive Tx, manages CS)

  • Stop transfusion - decide whether to wait for signs to subside + restart at 50% of previous rate or abandon transfusion + balance severity of reaction
  • IV fluids - maintains BP
    Drugs, if anaphylactic (hypersensitivity) reaction:
  • Corticosteroids - only if normotensive
  • Anti-histamines - chlorphenamine IV
  • Dexamethasone
  • Rare - IV adrenaline/ephedrine
28
Q

Primary IMHA (dog)

A
  • Initial (48 h) - dexamethasone, IV SID
  • Once eating: prednisolone, then reduce dose after 1 - 2 w; azathioprine PO q24 h (immunosuppresion); clopidogrel (anti-platelet)
  • 3 - 8 m of Tx
29
Q

Non-regenerative precursor IMHA, IMHA within BM (companion animal)

A
  • Prednisolone PO SID
  • Ciclosporine PO BID
  • Clopidogrel PO q24 h
  • Follow-up q2 - 3 w full haem + blood smear to external lab for reticulocyte count, lower dose if inc PCV, continue ciclosporine, cessation of prednisolone
30
Q

Microcytic non-regenerative anaemia, suspected iron deficiency anaemia (companion animal)

A
  • IM Iron dextrans (3 - 4 w)
31
Q

Hypocobalaminaemia (Vit B12) and hypofolatemia

A
  • SC vit B
  • Oral Coabalalex (vit B12 + folate supplement)
32
Q

Lungworm coagulopathy

A
  • Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)
33
Q

Haemophilia A (VIII)

A
  • FFP
  • Cryoprecipitate
34
Q

Haemophilia B (IX)

A
  • FFP
  • Cryosupernatant
35
Q

Hyperfibrinolysis (e.g. greyhounds)

A
  • Tranexamic acid - prevents plasminogen activation, dec fibrinolysis + inc clot strength
  • Oral, IV, topical admin
36
Q

Immune-mediated thrombocytopoenia (ITP)

A
  • Immunosuppression: corticosteroids (first line = prednisolone), vincristine (controversial, cytotoxic, immature platelets, func questionable - may not work as well, only use if not responding to steroids
  • +/- pRBCs transfusion for anaemia + CVS compromise
    Other:
  • Second line immunosuppression: azathioprine, cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, human IV immunoglobulin
  • Splenectomy
  • Platelet transfusions
37
Q

Thrombocytopoenia

A
  • Platelet transfusion - platelet-rich plasma
  • Not available in UK
38
Q

Anaemia (redmite = Dermanyssus gallinae) (poultry)

A
  • Kill on surfaces - acaracide e.g. Hysolve CDM8 containing Abamectin + Permethrin; Elector (containing Spinosad)
  • Maintain biosecurity
  • Kill on bird - Exzolt in drinking water; Fluralaner = acaricide + insecticide
  • Coat
  • Pop
  • Upgrade housing - wood -> metal + plastic/heavily varnished wood
  • Hygiene
  • Nurse affected birds + Ivermectin 1% q10 d + Fipronil
39
Q

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) (companion animal)

A
  • Chlorambucil longterm
  • Prednisolone
  • Survival approx over 18 m
40
Q

Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) (non-lymphoid leukaemia)

A
  • Hydroxycarbamide
  • Hydroxyurea
41
Q

Multiple myeloma (cats + dogs)

A
  • Melphalan
  • Prednisolone
  • Survival > 1.5 y

VMS3011 Veterinary Medicine 2 (20 decks)

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