Wk 2 Antibiotics

Question 1

Antimicrobial

Answer 1

any substance of natural, semi-synthetic or synthetic origin which
has ability to kill or inhibit growth of microbes with minimal / no damage to the
host

Question 2

Antibiotic class

Answer 2

Those w/ similar chem structure and MOA

Question 3

Baceriostatic

Answer 3

Antibiotic prevents growth of bacteria

Question 4

Bactericidal

Answer 4

Antibiotic kills bacteria

Question 5

Penicillinase/beta-lactamase

Answer 5

bacterial enzyme which inactivates the beta-
lactam ring of Penicillins and other beta-lactams

Question 6

Beta-lactamase inhibitors

Answer 6

protect β-lactam antibiotics from inactivation by the β-
lactamase enzyme

Question 7

Beta-lactam antibiotics

Answer 7

Penicillins, cephalosporins, Carbapenems, Monobactam

Question 7

Beta-lactam antibiotics

Answer 7

Penicillins, cephalosporins, Carbapenems, Monobactam

Question 8

What are the two types of antibiotic killing?

Answer 8

1. Concentration-dependent
   * Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Amikacin)
   * Metronidazole
   * Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin)
   * Daptomycin
2. Time-dependent
   * Β-lactams (Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Monobactam, Carbapenems)
   * Glycopeptides (Vancomycin)
   * Macrolides
   * Clindamycin
   * Linezolid
   * Tetracyclines

Question 9

Antibiotic Side effects, expected

Answer 9

GI distress, loose stool rash

Question 10

What antibiotic can cause renal failure?

Answer 10

Aminoglycosides

Question 11

What antibiotic can cause BM depression?

Answer 11

Chloramphenicol

Question 12

What antibiotic can cause hepatitis?

Answer 12

Rifampin

Question 13

What type of infection can be caused by antibiotics?

Answer 13

Clostridium difficile

Question 14

What type of infection can be caused by antibiotics?

Answer 14

Clostridium difficile

Question 15

What antibiotics can induce a rash?

Answer 15

trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

Question 16

What are 7 MOAs for antibiotics?

Answer 16

1. Cell-wall synthesis inhibitors
2. Folate synthesis inhibitory mechanism
3. Protein synthesis inhibitors
4. Cell membrane depolarization
5. Electron transport impairment
6. DNA replication inhibition by binding DNA Gyrase
7. DNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibition

Question 17

Antibacterial MOAs diagram

Answer 17

Question 18

MOA diagram

Answer 18

Question 19

What are the 2 natural penicillins?

Answer 19

1. Penicillin G (IV)
2. Penicillin V-K

Question 20

3 Antistaph PCNs (PCN-ase resistant PCNs)

Answer 20

1. Nafcilin (IV)
2. Oxacillin (IV)
3. Dicloxacillin

Question 21

4 AminoPenicillins

Answer 21

1. Ampicillin (IV or PO)
2. Amoxicillin
3. Amp/Sulbactam (IV)
4. Amox/Clavulanate

Question 22

2 Extended Spectrum PCNs

Answer 22

1. Piperacillin/Tazobactam (IV)
2. Ticarcillin/Clavulanate

Question 23

MOA of beta-lactams

Answer 23

Bind penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) to block transpeptidase cross-linking of peptidoglycan network of bacterial cell wall
-Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, and Monobactam

Question 24

Resistance of beta-lactams

Answer 24

1. modification of PBPs
2. beta-lactamase action to inactivate PCNs

Question 25

Lecture slide 11