Lesson 4: Coping with Environmental Variation (Temperature and Water)

Question 1

What is mixed to produce antifreeze in frogsicles?

Answer 1

glucose and urine

Question 2

When you blow into the back of your hand, the temperature change is in the form of

Answer 2

convection

Question 3

_____ lowers the amount of solar radiation absorbed by the leaf surface.

Answer 3

Pubescence

Question 4

Populations respond to environmental variation through acclimatization. T/F

Answer 4

F

Question 5

Tuna is able to generate its own body heat. T/F

Answer 5

T

Question 6

Winds blow from areas of low pressure to areas of high pressure. T/F

Answer 6

F

Question 7

An organism’s adjustment of its physiology, morphology, or behavior to lessen the effect of an environmental change and minimize the associated stress.

Answer 7

acclimatization

Question 8

The energy associated with gravity.

Answer 8

gravitational potential

Question 9

Torpor lasting several weeks during the winter; a strategy that is possible only for animals that have access to enough food and can store enough energy reserves.

Answer 9

hibernation

Question 10

The environmental temperature at which the heat loss of an endotherm triggers an increase in metabolic heat generation.

Answer 10

lower critical temperature

Question 11

The energy associated with attractive forces on the surfaces of large molecules inside cells or on the surfaces of soil particles.

Answer 11

matric potential

Question 12

The energy associated with dissolved solutes.

Answer 12

osmotic potential

Question 13

The study of the interactions between organisms and the physical environment that influence their survival and persistence.

Answer 13

physiological ecology

Question 14

The energy associated with the exertion of pressure; has a positive value if pressure is exerted on the system and a negative value if the system is under tension.

Answer 14

pressure potential

Question 15

The presence of hairs on the surface of an organism.

Answer 15

pubescence

Question 16

Any force that impedes the movement of compounds such as water or gases such as carbon dioxide along an energy or concentration gradient; its inverse is conductance.

Answer 16

resistance

Question 17

An abiotic factor that results in a decrease in the rate of an important physiological process, thereby lowering the potential for an organism’s growth, reproduction, or survival; the condition caused by such a factor.

Answer 17

stress

Question 18

A physiological, morphological, or behavioral trait with an underlying genetic basis that enhances the survival and reproduction of its bearers in their environment.

Answer 18

adaptation

Question 19

The range of environmental temperatures over which endotherms maintain a constant basal metabolic rate.

Answer 19

thermoneutral zone

Question 20

The ability to survive stressful environmental conditions.

Answer 20

tolerance

Question 21

A state of dormancy in which endotherms drop their lower critical temperature and associated metabolic rate.

Answer 21

torpor

Question 22

Pressure that develops in a plant cell when water moves into it, following a gradient in water potential.

Answer 22

turgor pressure

Question 23

The overall energy status of water in a system; the sum of osmotic potential, gravitational potential, turgor pressure, and matric potential.

Answer 23

water potential

Question 24

A response to stressful environmental conditions that lessens their effect through some behavior or physiological activity that minimizes an organism’s exposure to the stress.

Answer 24

avoidance

Question 25

The range of climate variables, including temperature, humidity, precipitation, and solar radiation, that are associated with a species geographic distribution.

Answer 25

climate envelope

Question 26

A zone close to a surface where a flow of fluid, usually air, encounters resistance and becomes turbulent.

Answer 26

boundary layer

Question 27

A state in which little or no metabolic activity occurs.

Answer 27

dormancy

Question 28

A population with adaptations to unique local environmental conditions.

Answer 28

ecotype

Question 29

An animal that regulates its body temperature primarily through energy exchange with its external environment.

Answer 29

ectotherm

Question 30

An animal that regulates its body temperature primarily through internal metabolic heat generation.

Answer 30

endotherm