Lipids

Question 1

What are lipids

Answer 1

Naturally occurring molecules that are grouped together based on being soluble in non-polar solvents

Lipids may be hydrophobic or amphiphilic

Question 2

What do humans have the ability to do

Answer 2

They can break down and synthesise lipids in fatty acid biosynthesis

Question 3

Where are lipids synthesised if not in in-vitro?

Answer 3

obtained from the diet

Question 4

What are the 4 subgroups of lipids

Answer 4

1. Fatty acids
2. Non-glycerides
   3.Glycerides
3. Complex lipids

Question 5

What 2 things can fatty acids be

Answer 5

saturated or unsaturated

Question 6

what 2 things can glycerides be

Answer 6

neutral or phosphoglyceride

Question 7

what 3 things can non-glycerides be

Answer 7

sphingolipids, steroids, waxes

Question 8

what 1 thing can complex lipids be

Answer 8

lipoprotein

Question 9

triglycerides

Answer 9

glycerol + 3 fatty acids

Question 10

phospholipids

Answer 10

glycerol + 2 fatty acids + phosphate + amino alcohol

Question 11

glycolipids

Answer 11

glycerol (or sphingosine) + fatty acid + monosaccharide

Question 12

waxes

Answer 12

fatty acid + long chain alcohol

Question 13

steroids

Answer 13

3 cyclohexane + 1 cyclopentane

Question 14

what is the function of lipids

Answer 14

1. energy
2. cell membrane structure
3. protection
4. insulation
5. hormones

Question 15

What is the end product of citric acid cycle

Answer 15

beta oxidised acetyl CoA

Question 16

what is 1 gram of energy equal to

Answer 16

9 Kcal 38 Kjoules

Question 17

what are adipocytes

Answer 17

energy stored in form of triglycerides in fat cells

Question 18

what 3 things makes up a cell membrane

Answer 18

phospholipids, sphingolipids, steroids

Question 19

what are steroid hormones

Answer 19

chemical messengers that allow tissues to communicate

Question 20

what are prostaglandins

Answer 20

like hormones and exert effects on cells to produce them and other cells of the body

Question 21

what are the lipid soluble vitamins

Answer 21

A (vision and skin)
D (bone health)
E (anti-oxidant)
K (blood clotting)

Question 22

how do lipids help with insulation and protection

Answer 22

they are a protective layer for organs, they give insulation to protect against cold temps and add cushioning in fat layers- soles of feet

Question 23

what foods have lipids

Answer 23

fruits and nuts, dairy products, eggs and meat

Question 24

what grounds make up a lipid

Answer 24

1. methyl group (CH3)
2. Carboxyl group (COOH)- hydrophilic

Question 25

What makes a saturated fatty acid

Answer 25

1. No double bond
2. linear structure
3. general formula CH3(CH2)nCOOH

Question 26

what makes an unsaturated fatty acid

Answer 26

1. Contains a double c=c
   (most double bonds are in cis configuring

Question 27

what is monounsaturated

Answer 27

one double bond

Question 28

what is polyunsaturated

Answer 28

more than one double bond

Question 29

what is a cis fatty acid

Answer 29

H atoms bonded to C atom are on same side at either end of the double bond

Question 30

what is a trans fatty acid

Answer 30

H atoms bonded to C atom are on opposite side of double bond

Question 31

why does saturated fat have a higher melting point than unsaturated

Answer 31

due to double bond

Question 32

is saturated alkanes?

Answer 32

yes

Question 33

is unsaturated alkenes?

Answer 33

yes

Question 34

is saturated a solid?

Answer 34

yes

Question 35

is unsaturated a liquid?

Answer 35

yes