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Psychology > Abnormal Behavior > Flashcards

Abnormal Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

Psychological Disorders

A

Syndromes marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition emotional regulation, or behavior

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2
Q

Disorders Prior to 20th Century

A

Supernatural forces were the explanation. Terrible treatment 10/10 would NOT recommend

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3
Q

Philippe Pinel

A

Cute name. Advocated for humane treatment and scientific approaches. 18th century

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4
Q

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

A

Attempted to identify, diagnose, and treat psychological disorders. Created in 1952

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5
Q

David Rosenhan

A

Conducted a study in 1973 that showed that people think of others differently when they’re told they have a disorder. Doctors would see symptoms when there truly were none (maybe they were the real schizophrenic ones— hallucinating that others have hallucinations)

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6
Q

Perceptual Distortion

A

The thing I just got done typing. David Rosenhan. People perceive others differently because of mental disorder labels

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7
Q

Anxiety Disorders

A

Disorders characterized by persistent anxiety, distress, or maladaptive behaviors intended to reduce anxiety

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8
Q

General Anxiety Disorder

A

Continuous and inexplicable feeling of tension and unease for 6 months… or more

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9
Q

General Anxiety Disorder

A

Continuous and inexplicable feelings of tension and unease for 6 months… or more

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10
Q

Panic Disorders

A

Sudden onset of intense anxiety and dread. Minutes of heart palpitations, shortness of breath, trembling, dizziness, chocking

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11
Q

Phobias

A

Intense and irrational fear of a specific object or stimulation

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12
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Fear of and avoidance of places one has felt loss of control or panic before

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13
Q

Social Anxiety Disorder

A

Intense fear of being scrutinized by others. I.E. 7th grade me

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14
Q

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

A

Compulsive thoughts

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15
Q

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A

Lingering memories, nightmares, and anxiety manifesting after a traumatic event

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16
Q

Post Traumatic Growth

A

A positive growth that provides a new insight or outlook on life

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17
Q

Medical Model

A

Concp that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and usually cured— often through treatment in a hospital

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18
Q

Biopsychosocial Approach

A

Mind and body are inseparable. Biological, psychological, and social-cultural influences Different causes of disease and more treatment options

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19
Q

Stress Vulnerability Model

A

Individual characteristics combine with environmental stressors to increase/decrease the likelihood of developing a disorder

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20
Q

Epigenetics

A

The study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change

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21
Q

Risk Factors

A

Poverty, academic failure, stressful life events, low birth weight (???)

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22
Q

Symptoms

A

Start by the age of 24 75% of the time

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23
Q

Behavioral Approach

A

Disorders are caused by conditioning behaviors and environment. No genetic stuffs, just nurture

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24
Q

Psychoanalytical Approach (or Psychodynamic Approach)

A

Disorders are caused by unconscious, unresolved conflicts. Nurture and Mr. Sigmond Frued

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25
Q

Cognitive Approach

A

Disorders are caused by troubling thought patterns/your mindset. Nurture

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26
Q

Biological Approach

A

Medical model, biochemical, genes, and anatomy. Nature

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27
Q

Stimulus Generalization

A

One fearful event and then a whole fear of similar events

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28
Q

Traumatic Fear

A

Learning experiences can leave fear circuits in the amygdala

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29
Q

Brain Overarousal

A

Increases in impulsive control and habitual behaviors

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30
Q

Mood Disorders

A

Disorders characterized by depression and manic depression

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31
Q

Depression

A

Prolonged hopelessness and lethargy

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32
Q

Manic Depression

A

Bipolar disorder. Alternating between a depressed and hyperactive wildly-optimistic state (like Flordia)

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33
Q

Depressive Mood Symptoms

A

Worthlessness, pessimistic, and as if their lives aren’t worth anything

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34
Q

Major Depressive Disorder

A

Experiencing five major signs of depression for more than two weeks. Trouble regulating appetite and/or sleep, low energy, low self-esteem, difficulty concentrating/making decisions, and feelings of hopelessness

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35
Q

Serotonin, Norepinephrine, and Dopamine

A

Dis-inhibitors may help remedy or lessen the impact of symptoms

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36
Q

Rumination

A

The tendency to overthink and focus on a negative aspect

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37
Q

Pessimism

A

Prolonged negative thoughts and outlooks. can predispose someone to depression

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38
Q

Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD)

A

A disorder in which physical symptoms affect the body but have no apparent physical causes. Instead, they have psychological causes that impact physical body (psychosomatic disorder)

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39
Q

Conversion Disorder

A

Physical symptoms caused by psychological issues but there is a more clear set of physical symptoms. Things like trouble breating

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40
Q

Shell Sock

A

Experienced by WWI veterans. Had those symptoms without anything being anatomically wrong with them. (No idea what this means, but it’s exactly what I have written down. Written down right after conversion disorder)

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41
Q

Illness Anxiety Disorder (Hypochondriasis)

A

Person has a deep fear or dread of illness each time they experience normal physical ailmentss

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42
Q

Social-Cognitive Approach

A

Title says it all

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43
Q

Schizophrenia

A

A split from reality; brain operates in the real world and in its own world

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44
Q

Hallucinations

A

False sensory experiences, such as visual, touch (tactile, if you wanna get all fancy), or auditory drawn specifically from internal interpretation

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45
Q

Delusions

A

False beliefs and perceptions that are often grand or persecutional

46
Q

Chronic Schizophrenia

A

Sets in slowly over time

47
Q

Acute Schizophrenia

A

A more sudden onset due to stressors

48
Q

Psychosis

A

Irrationality and a loss of contact with reality and often results in institutionalization as patients may be a danger to themselves and others

49
Q

Schizophrenia Spectrum

A

5 subtypes. Anatomic, disorganized, paranoid, residual, and undifferentiated

50
Q

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia

A

6 times the amount of dopamine-4 receptors, diminished frontal lobe activity abnormal fluid buildup, and shrinkage in various parts of the brain

51
Q

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

A

Disorders that affect brain development and inhibit emotional regulation, learning ability, self-control, and memory. Autism, intellectual disability, communication or speech disorders

52
Q

Neurocognitive Disorders

A

Opposite of neurodevelopmental disorders. Deterioration of the brain due to old age or a genetic disorder

53
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease

A

Loss of memory and normal brain functioning

54
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

A

Degeneration of motor neurons and bodily control

55
Q

Huntington’s Disease

A

Problems with mood regulation or mental abilities

56
Q

Dissociative Disorders

A

Disorders where conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

57
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

A

Two or more distinct identities are said to alternate control of the person’s behavior

58
Q

Personality Disorders

A

A disorder character characterized by inflexible and enduring patterns of behavior that impair social functioning

59
Q

Anti-Social Personality Disorder

A

A disorder that consists of a lack of conscience or wrongdoing, even towards family and friends

60
Q

Psychopaths

A

Born!

61
Q

Sociopaths

A

Made.

62
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder Symptoms

A

Aggressive, ruthless, clever, charismatic, lie, manipulate, steal, no guilt

63
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A

One diets and exercises to the point of an unhealthy low weight/body mass index

64
Q

Bulimia Nervosa

A

Cycles of binge eating and purging food. It can damage the esophagus and teeth due to overexposure o stomach acid, but the disorder often results in depression

65
Q

Binge Eating Disorders

A

Cycles of binge eating and weight gain for extended periods and then engaging in heavy diet and exercise afterward due to the stress or depression induced by binging

66
Q

Psychoanalytic Psychologists

A

Disorders come from unconscious fears/anxieties of patients

67
Q

Cognitive Psychologists

A

Cognition and thinking can interfere with biology and behavior such as in the case of ruination and pessimism causing or prolonging depression

68
Q

Socio-cultural Psychologists

A

Societal and cultural limitations

69
Q

Insanity Defense

A

Excuse in a criminal case, arguing the defendant is not responsible for their actions due to an episode or persistent psychiatric disease at the time of the criminal act

70
Q

Fugue State

A

A sudden loss of memory/identity that can be reversed

71
Q

Psychotherapy

A

Psychological treatment that consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth

72
Q

Biochemical Therapy

A

Medication or other biological treatment designed to alleviate symptoms or remedy the disorder

73
Q

Eclectic Approach

A

Therapy and biological treatments

74
Q

Behavioral

A

Seek new more adaptive way of thinking based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our physiological and emotional states

75
Q

Cognitive

A

Sees the problems as learned behaviors that can be replaced by constructive behaviors via learning principles

76
Q

Humanistic

A

Seeks to boost people’s self-fulfillment by helping them grow in self-awareness and self-acceptance; personal growth

77
Q

Psychodynamic Theory

A

A therapeutic technique simillar to REBT that views individuals as responding to underlying psychological issues. Unconcious forces involved

78
Q

Free Association

A

Patients answering questions about their life, past, dreams, or images shown to them. Frued thing

79
Q

Mental Block

A

Ego repressing something damaging. Frued thing

80
Q

Mental Block

A

Ego repressing something damaging. Frued thing

81
Q

Client-Centered Therapy (CCP)

A

By Carl Rogers! Focuses on finding and fulfilling needs and setting their lives in motion with good goals. Part of humanistic approach

82
Q

Active Listening

A

Empathetic listening in which the listener echos, restates, and clarifies the message of the client. Humanistic

83
Q

Unconditional Positive Regard

A

Must first listen without judgment so as to allow the client to feel comfortable communicating genuinely. Humanistic

84
Q

Psychopharmacology

A

The study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior

85
Q

Anti Psychotic Drugs

A

Drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders depending on the situation

86
Q

Chlorpromazine

A

Treats and reduces schizophrenia symptoms

87
Q

Anti-Anxiety Drugs

A

They treat symptoms, not disorders. Xanex or Activan. That’s all my notes say but I assume they are used to treat anxiety, if that somehow was not abundantly clear

87
Q

Anti-Anxiety Drugs

A

They treat symptoms, not disorders. Xanex or Activan. That’s all my notes say but I assume they are used to treat anxiety, if that somehow was not abundantly clear

88
Q

D-Cycloserine

A

Can enhance therapy with PTSD

89
Q

Lithium Salt

A

Could help prevent severe depression or bipolar disorder

90
Q

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

A

Spell check says I spelled that wrong. I don’t know how to possibly spell it. Patient reciees an anesthetic and muscle relaxant and then is administered cycles of electrical stimulation to enhance frontal lobe and other neural actiity

91
Q

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

A

Spell check says I spelled that wrong. I don’t know how to possibly spell it. Patient recieves an anesthetic and muscle relaxant and then is administered cycles of electrical stimulation to enhance frontal lobe and other neural actiity

92
Q

Repetitive Trans-Cranial Magnetic Stimulation (RTCMS)

A

Enables increased neural activity by spining 2 magnetic coils around the head can help those who have been deemed resistant to antidepressant medication

93
Q

Psychosurgery

A

The removing or destroying of brain tissue

94
Q

Lobotomy

A

Severs connection of frontal lobes with emotional centers

95
Q

Counter Conditioning

A

Use of classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors. Behavioral thing

96
Q

exposure Therapies

A

Progressively exposing people to what they normally avoid or escape. Behavioral thing

97
Q

Systematic Desensitization

A

Forming relaxed associations with fearful stimuli or situations. Developed by Joseph Wolphe. Behavioral thing

98
Q

Aversive Conditioning

A

Associate an unpleasant state or experience with an unwanted behavior. Behavioral thing

99
Q

Token Economy

A

Any sort of seconday reinforcers that can be used to encourage new, positive behaviors by offering a token. Behavioral thing

100
Q

Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

A

Challenges a person’s illogical, self-defeating physiology replacing with healthy or productive feelings. Cognitive thing

101
Q

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

A

Sought to change behavior by identifying self-defeating thoughts that altered our perceptions of the world. Made by Aaron Beck. Cognitive thing

102
Q

Lifestyle

A

More sleep, exercise, social connection, light exposure nutrition, or practicing anti-rumination can help

103
Q

Resilience

A

Personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity or even trauma

104
Q

Therapy

A

Evidence-based practice where the linician makes use o the best available research with clinical experts, only prescribing treatments based on proven techniques supported by extensive data on clinical studies

105
Q

Group Therapy

A

Cheaper, time efficient, group interaction, explore social behaviors, develop social skills, and provide feedback for new ways of behaving in a group setting

106
Q

Family Therapy

A

Views unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other family members and focuses on healing relationships between family members, as well as looks for new ways of preventing or resolving conflicts.

107
Q

Resistance

A

In psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-ladden material

108
Q

Interpretation

A

In psychoanalysis, the analyst’s noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight

109
Q

Transference

A

In psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships

110
Q

Light Exposure Therapy

A

People are happier in the light. Even vampires

111
Q

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)

A

By Francine Shapiro. Regain previously frozen memories by moving finger around while patient is thinking of something traumatic

Psychology (6 decks)

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