13,14,15 Flashcards
(150 cards)
1
Q
Asylum
A
Place designed to house people with psychological disorders.
2
Q
Aversive Conditioning
A
Therapy that pairs something unpleasant with an unwanted behavior to help stop it
3
Q
Behavior Therapy
A
Uses learning principles to change unwanted behaviors
4
Q
Biomedical Therapy
A
Uses medication or medical procedures to treat mental disorders
5
Q
Cognitive Therapy
A
Focuses on changing irrational thoughts that lead to emotional distress
6
Q
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT
A
Combines changing negative thoughts and behaviors
7
Q
Comorbid Disorder
A
When someone has two or more mental health diagnoses (like depression and substance abuse
8
Q
Confidentiality
A
Therapist must keep client information private unless legally required to share
9
Q
Counterconditioning
A
Learning a new, healthier response to a trigger that used to cause bad behavior.
10
Q
Couples Therapy
A
Therapy for two people in a romantic relationship to work through problems
11
Q
Cultural Competence
A
Therapist’s awareness and sensitivity to the client’s culture, race, and ethnicity
12
Q
Deinstitutionalization
A
Closing mental hospitals and treating people in community settings instead
13
Q
Dream Analysis
A
Analyzing dreams to uncover unconscious thoughts or struggles (used in psychoanalysis
14
Q
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT
A
Medical treatment using electric currents to treat severe depression
15
Q
Exposure Therapy
A
Helps reduce fear by gradually exposing a person to the feared object or situation
16
Q
Family therapy
A
Therapy involving one or more families to resolve shared problems
17
Q
Free association
A
Talking freely to uncover unconscious thoughts (used in psychoanalysis)
18
Q
Group therapy
A
Therapy with 5 to 10 people who have similar issues led by therapist
19
Q
Humanistic therapy
A
Focusses on self-awareness and personal growth
20
Q
Individual therapy
A
One on one meetings between client and therapist
21
Q
Intake
A
First session where therapist gathers background info and assesses needs
22
Q
Involuntary treatment
A
Therapy that is court ordered or required by another authority
23
Q
Non-directive therapy
A
Therapist doesn’t give advice, but helps the client explore thoughts and feelings
24
Q
Play therapy
A
Mostly used with children, toys, help, express and work through problems
25
Psychoanalysis
Freud’s method to uncover repressed feelings through techniques like dream analysis
26
Psychotherapy
General term for talking therapy to address mental health problems where grow personally
27
Rational emotive therapy (RET)
A type of CBT that focusses on challenging, irrational beliefs
28
Relapse
Returning to drug/alcohol use after a period of improvement
29
Rogerian (client centred) therapy
Non-directive therapy, focussed on acceptance and empathy developed by Carl Rogers
30
Strategic family therapy
Therapist creates a short term plan to address each family member specific problems
31
Structural family therapy
Therapist looks at family rules, roles, and boundaries to understand problems
32
Systematic desensitization
Gradual exposure to fears while teaching relaxation (used for phobias and anxiety)
33
Token economy
Rewards people with tokens for good behaviour tokens can be traded for privileges
34
Transference
Client projects feelings for others onto the therapist (used in psychoanalysis)
35
Unconditional positive regard
Accepting a client fully no matter what they say or do (humanistic approach)
36
Virtual reality exposure therapy
Use this computer simulations to expose clients to their fears safely
37
Voluntary treatment
Therapy a person chooses to attend on their own
38
Adaptive information processing model (PTSD)
Says trauma causes distress if the memory isn’t fully process
39
Agoraphobia
Fear and avoidance of places where escape might be hard during a panic attack
40
Alterations in arousal and reactivity
Symptoms like irritability, jumpiness, and sleep problems
41
Antisocial personality disorder
Disregard for others, rights, lying, impulsivity, and no remorse
42
Anxiety disorder
Ongoing excessive fear and anxiety that affects behaviour
43
ADHD
Trouble focussing and/or hyperactive and impulsive behaviour
44
Atypical
Thoughts or behaviours that are not considered normal
45
Autism spectrum disorder
Problems with social interaction, communication and repetitive behaviours or interests
46
Avoidance symptoms
Avoiding reminders of trauma, like places or emotions
47
Bipolar and related disorders
Group of mood disorders were mania is a key feature
48
Bipolar disorder
Chefs between depression and extreme energy (mania)
49
Body dysmorphic disorder
Obsessing over a perceived physical flaw
50
Borderline personality disorder
Unstable moods, relationships, and fear of abandonment
51
Catatonic behaviour
Little movement or response includes freezing or strange postures
52
Comorbidity
Having more than one mental disorder at the same time
53
Complex PTSD (C – PTSD)
A form of PTSD involving long-term trauma not in DSM yet
54
Delusion
Strongly held false belief that goes against realality
55
Depersonalization/derealization disorder
Feeling disconnected from yourself or your surroundings
56
Depressive disorder
Mood disorders were depression is the main symptom?
57
Diagnosis
Deciding which disorder fits a person symptoms
58
DSM–5
Official manual views to diagnose mental disorders
59
Diathesis stress model
Disorders happen when a genetic risk (diathesis) meets stress
60
Disorganized thinking
Thoughts are jumbled hard to follow – common and schizophrenia
61
Disorganized/abnormal motor behaviour
Odd purposeless, or childlike movements or gestures
62
Dissociative amnesia
Can’t remember personal info after trauma or stress
63
Dissociative disorders
Disorders involving disconnect from identity or memory
64
Dissociative fugue
Sudden travel away with memory loss and confusion about identity
65
Dissociative identity disorder
Person has two or more distinct personalities, also known as multiple personality disorder
66
Dopamine hypothesis
Too much dopamine may cause schizophrenia
67
Etiology
The cause of a disorder
68
Flashback
Reliving a traumatic event like it’s happening again
69
Flight of ideas
Jumping quickly from topic to topic (mania symptom)
70
Generalized anxiety disorder
Constant uncontrollable worry about many things
71
Grandiose delusion
Belief, you have special powers, status or abilities
72
Hallucination
Sensing something like voices smells or visuals that isn’t really there
73
Harmful disfunction
A mental disorder happens when something in the mind breaks down and causes
74
Hoarding disorder
Struggle to throw away things, even if they have a little value
75
Hopelessness theory
Thinking bad events will always happen and nothing can improve
76
Intrusion symptoms
Flashback nightmares and unwanted memories of trauma occurring with PTSD
77
ICD (international classification of diseases)
WHO’s guide for diagnosing disease diseases, including mental ones
78
Learning and cognitive processing model
PTSD symptoms developed through conditioning (learning)
79
Locus Coeruleus
Brain area linked to panic controls flight or fight response
80
Major depressive disorder
Long lasting sadness and loss of interest in life
81
Mania
Extremely elevated and energetic mood
82
Manic episode
A period of intense mania with risky or extreme behaviour
83
Mood disorder
Mental illnesses with extreme emotions, like depression or mania
84
Negative symptom
Loss of normal abilities, like motivation or emotional expression
85
Neurodevelopmental disorder
Disorders that begin in childhood and affect learning or behaviour
86
Obsessive, compulsive, and relative disorders
Group of disorders with obsessive thoughts, or repetitive actions
87
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
Unwanted thoughts ((obsessions) and rituals ((compulsions.)
88
Orbitofrontal cortex
Brain part involved in decision-making and learning
89
Panic attacks
Sudden intense fear with physical symptoms like heart racing
90
Panic disorder
Having panic attack attacks, and fear of them happening again
91
Paranoid delusion
Believe others are out to harm you
92
Peripartum onset (postpartum depression)
Depression during pregnancy or shortly after childbirth birth
93
Persistent depressive disorder
Long-term low mood that last for at least two years
94
Personality disorder
Enduring inflexible personality traits that cause problems
95
PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder)
Ongoing distress after traumatic event includes flashbacks, avoidance, and mood issues
96
Prodromal symptom
Early warning signs before full symptoms appear in schizophrenia
97
Psychological disorder
Conditions with abnormal thoughts, and emotions or behaviours
98
Psychopathology
Study of mental illnesses it’s symptoms causes, and treatment
99
Rumination
Obsessively thinking about one’s depression or problems
100
Safety behaviour
Avoidance strategies used to reduce anxiety and social situations
101
Schizophrenia
Severe mental disorder with hallucinations, delusions, disorganized, thinking and negative symptoms
102
Seasonal pattern, depression
Depression that occurs during specific seasons like winter
103
Social anxiety disorder
Fear of being judged in social situations and fear of social situations in general
104
Somatic delusion
False belief, something is wrong with your body
105
Specific phobia
Extreme fear of particular things (like spiders or heights
106
Suicidal ideation
Thinking about or planning suicide
107
Suicide
Death caused by intentional self harm
108
Supernatural
Something that is beyond scientific explanation
109
Ventricle
Fluid filled space in the brain
110
Alarm reaction
First stage of the general adaption syndrome, bodies, immediate response to a threat fight or fight kicks in
111
Asthma
A psycho physiological disorder where airways become blocked, making it hard to breathe
112
Bio feedback
Technique using devices to help people learn to control bodily functions like heart rate or muscle
113
Cardiovascular disorders
Health issues involving the heart and blood vessels (like heart attacks or strokes)
114
Coping
Mental or behavioural ways people manage stress or their emotions it causes
115
Cortisol
A stress hormone that gives an energy boost to deal with stress
116
Daily hassles
Every day irritations (traffic, loss) that can add up and cause stress
117
Distress
Negative stress, intense, exhausting, and bad for health and performance
118
Eustress
Positive stress, motivating feels good and supports performance
119
Fight or flight response
Bodies natural reaction to threat increased heart rate breathing, and sweat powered by the sympathetic nervous system system
120
Flow
A mental state in full focus and enjoyment in an activity like being “” in the zone
121
General adaptation syndrome (GAS)
Hans Selye’s three stage stress, response: alarm resistance and exhaustion
122
Happiness
A lasting emotional state of contentment, joy, and a sense of meaning in life
123
Health psychology
The field that studies how behaviour and mental processes affect health and illness
124
Heart disease
Conditions involving blocked arteries or problems with heart function, including heart attack, and stroke
125
Hypertension
High blood pressure can be caused or worsened by stress
126
Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis
System that controls stress responses by releasing hormones like cortisol
127
Immune system
Defend the body from infections and ill illnesses
128
Immuno suppression
Reduced effectiveness of the immune system system often caused by stress
129
Job burnout
Emotional exhaustion and disconnection from work includes feeling unaccomplished
130
Job strain
Stress at work due to high demands and low control over decisions
131
LYMPHOCYTES
White blood cells essential to the immune response
132
NEGATIVE AFFECTIVITY
Tendency to feel emotions like anger, guilt, and fear often
133
OPTIMISM
A general tendency to expect positive outcomes
134
PERCEIVED CONTROL
Belief in your ability to influence what happens in your life
135
POSITIVE AFFECT
Emotional state of joy, enthusiasm, and engagement with the world
136
POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
Study of strengths and traits that help people thrive and live meaningful lives
137
PRIMARY APPRAISAL
First judgment about whether a situation is a threat or not.
138
PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY
Study of how mental processes and the nervous system affect the immune system.
139
PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS
Physical illnesses worsened by mental or emotional stress (e.g., ulcers, heart disease
140
RELAXATION RESPONSE TECHNIQUE
Combines relaxation and meditation to reduce stress
141
SECONDARY APPRAISAL
Deciding if you have the resources to cope with a stressor
142
SOCIAL READJUSTMENT RATING SCALE (SRRS
A scale ranking 43 life events by how stressful they are (e.g., divorce, moving, job loss)
143
SOCIAL SUPPORT
Help from others that can come as advice, comfort, or practical aid
144
STAGE OF EXHAUSTION
Final phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome; body is worn down and illness can result
145
STAGE OF RESISTANCE
Second phase of GAS; body tries to resist the stressor and cope
146
STRESS
The process of responding to perceived threats or challenges
147
STRESSORS
External events that trigger stress responses
148
TYPE A
Personality marked by competitiveness, impatience, and hostility
149
TYPE B
Relaxed, laid-back personality style
150
