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VMicro 101 > 13-16 > Flashcards

13-16 Flashcards

1
Q

live on dead organic matter

A

saprophytes

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2
Q

causes disease only in a patient whose defense mechanisms against infection have been weaked or compromised

A

oppotunistic pathogens

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3
Q

distinguishing features of spirochetes

A
  1. helical shape
  2. ability to twist or contort their shape
  3. occurence of periplasmic flagella
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4
Q

swim best in media of high viscosity

A

spirochetes

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5
Q

swim best in media of low viscosity

A

ordinary flagella

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6
Q

Flexible, helical, have periplasmic flagella, saprophytes or parasites

A

spirochetes

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7
Q

soft and plastic, nonmotile, lack cell walls; parasites and saprophytes

A

mycoplasmas

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8
Q

bacteria-like forms that are obligate parasites of protozoa, arthropods, or other hosts; have not been isolated or cultivated

A

endosymbionts

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9
Q

sprirochetes are under the order?

A

Spirochaetales

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10
Q

2 families of spirochetes

A
  1. spirochaetaceae
  2. leptospiraceae
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11
Q

Characteristics of Spirochaetaceae family

A
  1. They are stringent anaerobes, facultative anaerobes, or microaerophiles.
  2. Carbohydrates or amino acids are used as carbon and energy sources.
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12
Q

characteristics of Leptospiraceae family

A
  1. They are aerobes.
  2. Long-chain fatty acids are used as the carbon and energy source.
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13
Q

AERIOBIC/MICROAEROPHIUC, MOTILE, HELlCAL VIBRIOID, GRAM- NEGATIVE BACTERIA Characeteristics

A
  1. The cells are rigid (unlike spirochetes) and range from vibrioid (having less than one turn or twist) to helical (having one to many turns or twists).
  2. They swim by means of polar flagella.
  3. They are aerobic or microaerophilic.
  4. They attack few or no carbohydrates.
  5. The organisms usually give a positive reaction by the oxidase test (a laboratory test based on the presence of cytochrome c).
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14
Q

Anaerobic and facultatively anaerobic, Use carbohydrates but not amino acids as
carbon and energy sources

A

Spirochaeta

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15
Q

Harmless parasites of freshwater and marine molluscs, Have never been isolatod; have unusually large number of periplasmic flagella (>100)

A

Cristispira

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16
Q

Inhabits mouth, intestinal tract, and genital areas of human and animals; some are pathogenic.

A

Treponema

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17
Q

Anaerobic and microaerophilic; Use carbohydrate and amino acids; sstringents anaerobes harmless parasites

A

Treponema

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18
Q

Causes hog dysentery

A

Treponema dysenteriae

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19
Q

Causes syphilis in humans and is microaerophilic

A

Treponema pallidum

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20
Q

Pathogenic, causes lousebome or tickborne
relapsing fever In humans

A

Borrelia

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21
Q

Parasites of wild rodents and small mammals, and also of the arthropods associated with these animals

A

Borrelia

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22
Q

Pathogenic, causes leptospirosis in animals and humans

A

Leptospira interrogans

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23
Q

Helical or vibrioid organisms that typically possess bipolar tufts
of flagella. These harmless saprophytes are aerobic to microaerophilic and occur in stagnant stream or pond water. No growth occurs in the presence of 3% NaCl or sea water.

A

Aquaspirilla

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24
Q

The cells are plump and vibrioid with a single polar flagellum and, if grown on solid media, with numerous lateral flagella as well.

A

Azospirillum

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25
Q

A specie of Azospirillum that can grow autotrophically with hydrogen gas as the energy source.

A

Azospirillum lipoferum

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26
Q

The cells are helical, usually with bipolar tufts of flagella. Oceanospirilla are aerobic and are harmless saprophytes, occurring in coastal marine waters. Sea water is required for their growth.

A

Oceanospirillum

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27
Q

These vibrioid cells have a single flagellum at one or both poles microaerophilic parasites, occurring in the reproductive organs, intestinal tract, and oral cavity of humans and other mammals

A

Campylobacters

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28
Q

h causes diarrhea in human

A

Campylobacter jejuni

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29
Q

Causes abortion in cattles

A

Campylobacter fetus venerealis

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30
Q

These aerobic, vibrioid cells possess a single polar flagellum. Have
the unique property of being parasitic on other Gram-negative bacteria.

A

Bdellovibrio

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31
Q

Has certain similarities with Bdellovibrio, organisms attack eucaryotic algae, not bacteria.

A

Vampirovibrio

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32
Q

Characteristics of non-motile Gram-negative bacteria

A
  1. Rigid cells that are curved to various degrees, forming coils, helical spirals, and sometimes rings (i.e., cells that are curved around so that the ends overlap
  2. Nonmotile
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33
Q

This section forms one of the largest and most diverse groups of bacteria.

A

AEROBIC, GRAM.
NEGATIVE RODS AND COCCI

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34
Q

2 general features of Aerobic, Gram-Negative Rods and Cocci

A
  1. The cells are mainly straight or slightly curved (but not helical) rods, but some are cocci.
  2. They have a strictly respiratory type of metabolism.
35
Q

The family Pseudomonadaceae features include:

A

1 Straight or slightly curved rods
2 Motile by polar flagella
3 Catalase-positive and usually oxidase-positive

36
Q

Produces a water-soluble blue pigment, pyocyanin, and a water-soluble fluorescent pigment, pyoverdin. The organism is mainly a soil and water saprophyte, but it is also frequently an opportunistic pathogen and can often be isolated from wound, burn, and urinary tract infections.

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

37
Q

a nonfluorescent species of Pseudomonas that is also frequently isolated from clinical specimens.

A

Pseudomonas maItophilia

38
Q

a common saprophytic soil and water organism that makes only a fluorescent pigment.

A

Pseudomonas fluorescens

39
Q

Causative agent of glanders and farcy, diseases of horses and
donkeys that are transmissible to humans.

A

Pseudomonas mallei

40
Q

causes melioidosis
in animals and humans.

A

Pseudomonas pseudomallei

41
Q

Xanthomonas forms characteristic yellow pigments called

A

Xanthomonadins

42
Q

The outstanding characteristic of this genus is the embedment of the cells in a gelatinous matrix to form slimy masses with a fingerlike morphology

A

Zooglea

43
Q

The family azotobacteraceae has the following features:

A

1 The cells are largelunt rods, oval cells, or cocci.
2 Their motility and flagellar arrangement vary; some are nonmotile.
3 They are saprophytes that occur in soil, water, and sometimes the plant rhizosphere (soil region subjected to the influence of plant roots).
4 The organisms fix N2 under aerobic conditions.

44
Q

This family contains rod-shaped cells that incite hypertrophies on plants (root nodules, leaf nodules, or tumors)

A

Rhizobiaceae

45
Q

occurs within the root nodules and serves to protect the nitrogenase enzyme complex from being destroyed by excess oxygen

A

Leghemoglobin

46
Q

This family consists of a diverse group of rods, vibrios, and cocci having in common the ability to use methane gas as a sole carbon and energy source under aerobic or microaerophilic conditions.

A

Methylococcaceae

47
Q

This family contains ellipsoidal to rod-shaped cells that oxidize ethanol to acetic acid in neutral or acidic (pH 4.5) media.

A

Acetobacteraceae

48
Q

A genera of Acetobacteraceae that has the occurrence of peritrichous flagella

A

Acetobacter

49
Q

A genera of Acetobacteraceae that has the occurence of polar flagella

A

Gluconobacter

50
Q

These rod-shaped bacteria require L-cysteine, iron salts, and activated powdered charcoal for growth.

A

Legionellaceae

51
Q

All species of this genus are oppotunistic pathogens of humans, causing legionellosis.

A

Legionella

52
Q

This genus has traditionally consisted of oxidase- and catalase-positive cocci that occur most often in pairs with the adjacent sides flattened

A

Neisseria

53
Q

causative agent of gonorrhea

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

54
Q

causative agent of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis

A

Neisseria meningitidis

55
Q

These diplobacilli are catalase-positive but oxidase-negative. They are saprophytes that occur in soil, water, and sewage, but they are also opportunistic human pathogens that can cause a variety of infections.

A

Acinetobacter

56
Q

form yellow to orange colonies; oxidase-positive

A

Flavobacterium

57
Q

can cause a severe meningitis in newborn infants

A

Flavobacterium meningosepticum

58
Q

occurs only in humans and causes whooping
cough

A

Bordetella pertussis

59
Q

a parasite of wild animals but can also cause tularemia in humans

A

Francisella tularensis

60
Q

Occurs in the lower portion of the intestine of humans and warm-blooded animals, where it is part of the normal flora

A

Escherichia coli

61
Q

causative agent of plague

A

Yersinia pestis

62
Q

Frequent cause of gastroenteritis in children

A

Yersinia entercolitica

63
Q

Term that describe the blue-green color that species of Vibrio emit

A

bioluminescence

64
Q

causative agent of cholera in humans

A

Vibrio cholerae

65
Q

causes gastroenteritis in humans

A

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

66
Q

A specie of Vibrio that occurs in the specialized
luminous organs of certain deep-sea fishes.

A

Vibrio fischeri

67
Q

causative agent of furunculosis in salmon and trout.

A

Aeromonas samonicida

68
Q

causes hemorrhagic septicemia in cattle and fowl cholera in domestic and wild birds.

A

Pasteurella multocida

69
Q

These bacteria are distinguished by unusual nutritional requirements: the X factor (heme, occurring in blood) and/or the V factor (the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)

A

Haemophilus

70
Q

a leading cause of meningitis in
children

A

Haemophilus influenzae

71
Q

h causes granulomatous lesions in cattle and
sheep,

A

Actinobacillus lignieressi

72
Q

causes septicemia, pneumonia, and arthritis in pigs.

A

Actinobacillus suis

73
Q

These are saprophytic rods that occur in honey and as spoilage organisms in beer and cider. They are unusual because they form large amounts of ethanol from -glucose.

A

Zymomonas

74
Q

occurs in the human genito-urinary tract and is a major cause of bacterial “nonspecific” vaginitis

A

Gardnerella vaginalis

75
Q

a parasite of rats and causes one form of rat-bite fever in humans

A

Streptobacillus monoliformis

76
Q

Family of bacteria under Anaerobic Gram-Negative Cocci

A

Veillonellaceceae

77
Q

Non-motile Gram-negative bacteria are obligate parasites, able to grow only within host cells

A

Rickettsias and Chlamydias

78
Q

How do rickettsias differ from chlamydias?

A

(1) having a more complex metabolism that allows them to synthesize ATP,
(2) lacking a complex developmental cycle

79
Q

3 tribes of the family Rickettsiaceae

A

Rickettsieae, Ehrlicheae, Wolbachieae

80
Q

causes a louseborne disease, french fever, in humans.

A

Rochalimaea quintana

81
Q

causative agent of Q fever, a type of pneumonia.

A

Coxiella burnetii

82
Q

This family consists of parasites of the red blood cells of humans and other
vertebrates.

A

Bartonellaceae

83
Q

are distinguished by their lack of a cell wall, the outer boundary of the cells being the cytoplasmic membrane

A

Mycoplasma

84
Q

A great variety of bacteria-like forms have been observed within the cells of protozoa, insects, fungi, sponges, coelenterates, helminths, and annelids.

A

Endosymbionts

VMicro 101 (9 decks)

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