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VMicro 101 > Long Quiz (1-10) > Flashcards

Long Quiz (1-10) Flashcards

1
Q

Photolithotropic bacteria

A

Chromatium okenii

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2
Q

Photoorganotroph –

A

Rhodospirillum rubrum

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3
Q

Either chemolithotrophs or chemoorganotrophs –

A

Pseudomonas pseudoflava

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4
Q

Chemolithotropic heterotrophs-

A

Desulfovibrio desulfuricans

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5
Q

Bacterium that causes leprosy –

A

Mycobacterium leprae

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6
Q

Differential-

A

blood containing agar medium

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6
Q

Selective media-

A

cellulose, antibiotics

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7
Q

Useful for cultivating microaerophilic bacteria-

A

semisolid media

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8
Q

Bacteria that has an optimum pH of 2.0-3.5 and can grow in a range between pH 0.5 and 6.0 –

A

Thiobacillus thiooxidans

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9
Q

The cells are lined side by side like matchsticks –

A

Corynebacterium diphtheria

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10
Q

Disks arranged like stacks of coins –

A

caryophanon

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11
Q

Bacteria that has gliding motility-

A

Cytophaga spp.

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12
Q

They help to protect bacteria from thermal injury –

A

teichoic acid

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13
Q

Can be easily destroyed by treatment of an enzyme called lysozyme-

A

gram positive

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14
Q

Dormant, thick walled, dessication resistant forms that develop by differentiation of a vegetative cell and which can later germinate under suitable conditions –

A

cysts

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15
Q

Bacteria that has monotrichous flagellar arrangement –

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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16
Q

Bacteria that has peritrichous flagellar arrangement –

A

Salmonella typhi

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17
Q

Prosthecate bacterium that undergoes transverse binary fission –

A

Prosthecobacterium fusiformis

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18
Q

Bacteria that reproduce by budding –

A

Rhodopseudonomonas acidophila

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19
Q

Used to measure viable cells –

A

plate count method, membrane filter method

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20
Q

Medium containing crystal violet dye-

A

gram negative intestinal bacteria

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21
Q

MacConkey agar –

A

gram negative intestinal pathogens (shigella, salmonella)

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22
Q

Selected when mixed culture can be heated to 80’c for 10 mins –

A

endospore forming bacteria

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23
Q

Bacteria selected when cultures are incubated at 0 to 5’c –

A

psychrophilic bacteria

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24
Q

Bacteria selected when cultures are incubated at 55’c –

A

thermophiles

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25
Q

Alkali tolerant organisms (high pH) –

A

Vibrio cholera

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26
Q

Extremely susceptible to S. pneumoniae –

A

mice

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27
Q

This manipulation thins out the bacteria on agar surface-

A

streak plate technique

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27
Q

Used for isolation of stringent anaerobes-

A

roll tube technique

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28
Q

Methods of maintenance and preservation of pure cultures

A

Periodic Transfer to fresh media, Ovelying cultures with mineral oil, Lyophilization, Storage at low temperature

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28
Q

Smooth colonies:

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae, salmonella

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28
Q

Rough colony:

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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29
Q

Serratia marcescens-

A

red

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30
Q

Blue water soluble pigment –

A

pyocyanin

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30
Q

Sparingly water soluble-

A

chlororaphin

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30
Q

Coenzyme of thiamine –

A

cocarboxylase

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30
Q

Low molecular weight organic molecule-

A

coenzyme

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31
Q

Fluorescent pigment-

A

pyoverdin

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31
Q

Sequences of reactions performed by enzymes-

A

pathways

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31
Q

Coenzyme of niacin-

A

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

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31
Q

Substances acted on by enzymes-

A

substrates

32
Q

Two most striking characteristic of enzymes

A
  1. high catalytic efficiency
  2. high degree of specificity for substrates
33
Q

A class of enzyme that catalyze the addition to double bonds in a molecule as well as nonhydrolytic removal of chemical groups –

A

lyases

33
Q

Formation of bonds with cleavage or breakage of ATP-

A

ligases

33
Q

Usually involves the modification of or inactivation of one or more functional groups of the enzyme so that it is no longer active –

A

nonreversible inhibition

33
Q

Inhibition that can be reversed by increasing the substrate concentration-

A

competitive inhibition

33
Q

Inhibits the activity of the enzyme-

A

feedback inhibition

33
Q

Denotes all the organized chemical activities performed by a cell-

A

metabolism

34
Q

Inhibition of the synthesis of enzyme-

A

end product repression

34
Q

Reducing agent:

A

ferrous ion, atomic hydrogen, succinic acid

34
Q

Oxidizing agents:

A

ferric ion, hydrogen ion, fumaric acid

34
Q

The tendency to absorb electrons-

A

standard oxidation-reduction potential

34
Q

Sequences of oxidation-reduction reactions that occur in cells-

A

electron transport chains

34
Q

Where respiratory chains are associated in procaryotes/bacteria-

A

cytoplasmic membrane

35
Q

Most common pathway of glucose catabolism –

A

Embden-Meyerhof pathway

36
Q

End product of glycolysis-

A

pyruvate

37
Q

Viewed as shunt of glycolysis-

A

pentose phosphate pathway

38
Q

Pathway of glucose catabolism that s fairly widespread particularly among gram negative bacteria-

A

entner doudoroff pathway

38
Q

Other name for pentose phosphate pathway-

A

hexose monophosphate shunt, phosphogluconate pathway

39
Q

Reactions used by anaerobes to produce energy-

A

fermentation

40
Q

Lactic acid bacteria

A

streptococcus, lactobacillus, leuconostoc

40
Q

Sequence of reactions that generate energy in the form of ATP and reduced coenzyme molecules

A

tricarboxylic acid cycle

40
Q

Total number of ATP produced in glycolysis?

A

8

40
Q

Total ATP produced in TCA cycle?

A

24

41
Q

Total yield of ATP from aerobic respiration

A

38

41
Q

Component of fats that can be converted into intermediates of the glycolytic pathway

A

glycerol

42
Q

Process where fatty acids are oxidized by the successive removal of 2-carbon fragments in the form of acetylCoA

A

beta oxidation

43
Q

Used by some microorganisms when acetate is the sole carbon source

A

glyoxylate cycle

44
Q

Entry point for the TCA cycle

A

citrate

45
Q

Generation of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate

A

Phosphorylation

46
Q

Glanders causative agent

A

Pseudomonas mallei

47
Q

Conditions affecting enzyme activity

A
  1. Concentration of enzyme
  2. Concentration of substrate
  3. pH
  4. Temperature
48
Q

Coenzyme of riboflavin (B2)

A

Riboflavin adenine dinucleotide

49
Q

Coenzyme of Pyridoxine (B6)

A

Pyridoxal phosphate

50
Q

Coenzyme of folic acid

A

Tetrahydropholic acid

51
Q

Product of transcription

A

RNA

52
Q

Product of translation

A

Protein

53
Q

A short sequence of RNA synthesized by RNA polymerase and is complementary to the DNA which serves as a template

A

primer

54
Q

First step in gene expression

A

Transcription

55
Q

The strand of DNA selected for transcription in a given segment, contains specific initiation site

A

Sense strand

56
Q

Initiation of RNA polymerase activity in bacteria

A

Sigma factor

57
Q

Tetrameric protein factor, binds to RNA polymerase and promotes its termination

A

Rho factor

58
Q

First step in protein synthesis

A

Activstion of amino acids

59
Q

Amino acids a re activated by amino acid-activating enzyme called?

A

aminoacyl-tRNA synthases

60
Q

Site of protein synthesis

A

ribosome

61
Q

When a number of 70s ribosomes are actively engaged in protein synthesis on a strand of mRNA

A

Polysome

62
Q

Transport of nutrients by bacteria

A
  1. Passive diffusion
  2. Facilitated diffusion
  3. Group translocation
  4. Active transport
63
Q

3 kinds of building blocks in the peptidoglycan

A
  1. acetylglucosamine
  2. acetylmuramic acid
  3. eptide consisting 4 or 5 amino acids of limited variety
64
Q

principal method of carbon dioxide fixation in autotrophic bacteria

A

Calvin cycle, C3 cycle or light-independent or dark reaction of photosynthesis

65
Q

Primary product of carbon fixation in calvin cycle

A

3-phosphoglyceric acid

66
Q

a change in the nucleotide sequence of the gene

A

mutation

67
Q

a cell/organism which showes the effects of mutation

A

mutant

68
Q

test that proved that phage resistance was a result of mutation

A

fluctuation test

69
Q

used for isolating nutritional mutants of E. coli

A

replica plating

70
Q

population of cells descending from a single cell

A

clone

71
Q

Types of mutation

A

Point mutation, Frameshift mutation

72
Q

Why do mutations occur

A
  1. exposure to UV
  2. exposure to radiation
  3. exposure to various chemicals
73
Q

types of mutagenic chemicals

A
  1. compounds that react directly with DNA
  2. base analogs
  3. intercalating agents
74
Q

Examples of intercalating agents

A

acridine, orange proflavin, nitrogen mustard

74
Q
A

VMicro 101 (9 decks)

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