13:4: Violence In Sport

Question 1

violence in sport defintion:

Answer 1

• physical acts to harm others such as American football, rugby and ice hockey.

Question 2

what are causes of player violence?

Answer 2

• W: win ethic/high rewards if successful
• I: importance of the event (e.g. local derby, cup final)
• N: nature of the sport
• N: NGBs are too lenient with their punishments
• E: excitement/over arousal
• R: refereeing decisions leading to frustration

Question 3

what are strategies for preventing violence within the sport in relation to the performer?

Answer 3

• television match official (TMO)
• punishing violent performers missed by officials after the match
• use post-match video evidence where individuals have been citied
• promoting performers with good disciplinary records
• imposing harsh punishments (e.g. heavy fines or long bans)
• introducing education campaigns and/or awards linked to fair play

Question 4

hooliganism definition:

Answer 4

• acts of vandalism and violence in public places committed especially by youths

Question 5

football hooliganism definition:

Answer 5

• unruly, violent and destructive behaviour over-zealous supporter if association football clubs

Question 6

what are the causes of spectator violence?

Answer 6

• importance of event, e.g. local derby
• alcohol and drugs
• lack of effective deterrents
• frustration with officials
• males displaying masculinity from adrenaline rush
• poor policing
• pre-match media hype

Question 7

what are possible solutions to spectator violence?

Answer 7

• ban on or control of alcohol sales
• increased use of police
• imposing tougher deterrents
• using CCTV
• removal of terraces
• encouraging responsible media reporting prior to matches
• playing games at kick off times imposed by police (e.g. early kick offs)
• ## passing specific laws preventing trespassers onto pitches