1.3 Bonding

Question 1

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 1

A covalent bond is a chemical bond formed by the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

Question 2

True or False: Ionic bonds result from the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Fill in the blank: In a metallic bond, electrons are ______ among a lattice of metal cations.

Answer 3

delocalized

Question 4

What type of bond occurs between two nonmetals?

Answer 4

Covalent bond

Question 5

Define electronegativity.

Answer 5

Electronegativity is the measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.

Question 6

What is the primary type of bond in sodium chloride (NaCl)?

Answer 6

Ionic bond

Question 7

True or False: A polar covalent bond occurs when electrons are shared equally between two atoms.

Answer 7

False

Question 8

What is the shape of a molecule with a tetrahedral arrangement of electron pairs?

Answer 8

Tetrahedral

Question 9

What is the bond angle in a trigonal planar molecule?

Answer 9

120 degrees

Question 10

Which type of bond involves the overlap of atomic orbitals?

Answer 10

Covalent bond

Question 11

Fill in the blank: Ionic compounds typically form ______ structures.

Answer 11

crystalline

Question 12

What type of bond would you expect between hydrogen and chlorine?

Answer 12

Polar covalent bond

Question 13

Define ionic bond.

Answer 13

An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond formed through the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Question 14

True or False: Metallic bonds are weak compared to ionic and covalent bonds.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

What is the result of the electronegativity difference between bonded atoms?

Answer 15

It determines whether the bond is ionic, polar covalent, or nonpolar covalent.

Question 16

What is the VSEPR theory used for?

Answer 16

To predict the geometry of individual molecules based on the repulsion between electron pairs.

Question 17

Fill in the blank: The simplest type of covalent bond involves ______ shared pair of electrons.

Answer 17

one

Question 18

What is a coordinate bond?

Answer 18

A coordinate bond (or dative bond) is formed when one atom donates both electrons to a bond.

Question 19

True or False: All ionic compounds are soluble in water.

Answer 19

False

Question 20

What does the term ‘bond length’ refer to?

Answer 20

The distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms.

Question 21

What is the most common type of bond in organic molecules?

Answer 21

Covalent bond

Question 22

Fill in the blank: In a polar covalent bond, the shared electrons are pulled closer to the atom with the ______ electronegativity.

Answer 22

higher

Question 23

What is the effect of increased bond order on bond strength?

Answer 23

Increased bond order leads to stronger bonds.

Question 24

What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with two bonding pairs and no lone pairs?

Answer 24

Linear

Question 25

Fill in the blank: The octet rule states that atoms tend to bond in such a way that they have ______ electrons in their valence shell.

Answer 25

eight

Question 26

True or False: A double bond consists of one sigma bond and one pi bond.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

What is the bond angle in a bent molecular geometry?

Answer 27

Less than 120 degrees

Question 28

What type of intermolecular force is present in polar molecules?

Answer 28

Dipole-dipole interaction

Question 29

Fill in the blank: London dispersion forces are a type of ______ force.

Answer 29

van der Waals

Question 30

What is the difference between a sigma bond and a pi bond?

Answer 30

A sigma bond is formed by the head-on overlap of orbitals, while a pi bond is formed by the side-to-side overlap.

Question 31

What type of bond is formed between metals?

Answer 31

Metallic bond

Question 32

True or False: Ionic compounds typically have low melting points.

Answer 32

False

Question 33

What does hybridization in chemistry refer to?

Answer 33

The mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals for bonding.

Question 34

Fill in the blank: The shape of a molecule is determined by the number of ______ and ______ around the central atom.

Answer 34

bonding pairs, lone pairs

Question 35

What is the hybridization of carbon in methane (CH4)?

Answer 35

sp3

Question 36

What is the primary feature of a metallic bond?

Answer 36

The presence of a 'sea of electrons' that are free to move.

Question 37

Fill in the blank: A molecule with a trigonal bipyramidal geometry has ______ bonding pairs.

Answer 37

five

Question 38

What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with three bonding pairs and one lone pair?

Answer 38

Trigonal pyramidal

Question 39

True or False: All covalent bonds are polar.

Answer 39

False

Question 40

What type of bond is formed between atoms with a large difference in electronegativity?

Answer 40

Ionic bond

Question 41

Fill in the blank: The ______ theory explains the formation of molecular shapes based on electron pair repulsion.

Answer 41

VSEPR

Question 42

What is the bond angle in a tetrahedral molecule?

Answer 42

109.5 degrees

Question 43

What type of hybridization is present in ethylene (C2H4)?

Answer 43

sp2

Question 44

True or False: The strength of a bond increases with increasing bond length.

Answer 44

False

Question 45

What is the main characteristic of a nonpolar covalent bond?

Answer 45

Electrons are shared equally between the atoms.

Question 46

Fill in the blank: The ______ model describes the arrangement of atoms in a molecule based on energy minimization.

Answer 46

Lewis structure