1.3: Cell Biology

Question 1

Name the 4 Nucleic acids

Answer 1

Adenine; Thymine; Guanine; Cytosine

Question 2

RNA has ____ in place of Thymine

Answer 2

Uracil

Question 3

What is an Enzyme?

Answer 3

A selective catalyst that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed

Question 4

What is a Prokaryotic cell?

Answer 4

A single cell organism (eg: bacteria)

Question 5

What is a Eukaryotic cell?

Answer 5

A multi cell organism (eg: plants/animals)

Question 6

What is the function of a plasma membrane?

Answer 6

To provide a selective barrier allowing passage of oxygen, nutrients and waste

Question 7

What is the main function of lysosomes?

Answer 7

Digestion of waste

Question 8

What are the two versions of endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 8

Rough and smooth

Question 9

What are the three parts of a nucleus?

Answer 9

1. Nuclear envelope, 2. nucleolus, 3. chromatin

Question 10

What are the 2 functions of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 10

1. To provide mechanical support to the cell. 2. To provide mobility to a cell.

Question 11

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?

Answer 11

The synthesis, modification, organisation, and secretion of cell products.

Question 12

What are the smallest organisms called that are capable of metabolism, reproduction and are able to sustain themselves?

Answer 12

Mycoplasmas

Question 13

What are the 3 similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 13

1. plasma membrane
2. have chromosomes
3. have ribosomes

Question 14

What determines the theoretical practical size limit of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 14

Metabolic requirements

Question 15

What are 2 major differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Answer 15

1. Location of DNA; Eukaryotic cells - nucleus/prokaryotic cells - nucleoid.
2. Organelles; eukaryotic cells - present/prokaryotic cells - not present.

Question 16

What do most biological membranes consist of?

Answer 16

Bilayer of phospholipids

Question 17

What is the main function of ribosomes

Answer 17

Create proteins

Question 18

Name an example of a cell that has a flagellus?

Answer 18

Sperm cell

Question 19

Name an example of a cell that has cillia?

Answer 19

The cells in the respiratory system

Question 20

What does a plant cell have in addition to the plasma membrane?

Answer 20

Cell wall

Question 21

Instead of mitochondria, what do plant cells have?

Answer 21

Chloroplasts

Question 22

The cytoskeleton consists of?

Answer 22

1. Microfilaments
2. Intermediate filaments
3. Microtubules

Question 23

Instead of centrioles, a plant cell has?

Answer 23

A central vacuole and tonoplasts

Question 24

Instead of a central vacuole, an animal cell has?

Answer 24

Centrioles

Question 25

Which chloroplasts store starch and are colourless?

Answer 25

Amyloplasts

Question 26

Which chloroplasts give fruits and flowers their colour?

Answer 26

Chromoplasts

Question 27

What is special about the nuclear envelope in comparison to other membranes?

Answer 27

It is a double membrane, meaning it has 2 lipid bilayers

Question 28

What is the main function of the mitochondria

Answer 28

Cellular respiration

Question 29

What are the various products of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 29

Membranes, secretory proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and hormones.

Question 30

Where can ribosomes be found inside the cell?

Answer 30

Suspended in the cytosol or bound to the ER

Question 31

What is the function of centrioles?

Answer 31

To help organise the assembly of microtubules during cell division

Question 32

The endoplasmic reticulum is an extension of which membrane?

Answer 32

Outer membrane

Question 33

What are the names of the two lipid bilayers that make up the nuclear envelope?

Answer 33

Inner membrane and outer membrane

Question 34

What are the pores called that sit in the nuclear envelope?

Answer 34

Nuclear pores

Question 35

What are the 3 principles of cell theory

Answer 35

1. All living things are made of one or more cells 2. Cells come from pre-existing cells 3. Cells are the basic units of structure and organisation in organisms

Question 36

What do we call the folds found inside the mitochondria that give more surface area for energy-releasing processes to take place?

Answer 36

Cristae