13: Concepts and Tradition of Political Geography

Question 1

first political geographer because his model of the State is based upon factors such as climate, terrain, and the relationship between population and territory

Answer 1

Aristotle

Question 2

study of the organization and spatial distribution of political phenomena

examines how political forces shape geography

Answer 2

Political geography

Question 3

examines how geography shapes politics

Answer 3

geopolitics

Question 4

dominant form of political organization in the world

independent political unit with recognized boundaries.

Answer 4

State

Question 5

state’s geographic characteristics

Answer 5

Land territory
Permanent resident population
Government
Organized economy
Circulation systems

Question 6

A State must occupy a definite portion of the Earth’s

land surface and should have more or less generally recognized limits.

Answer 6

Land territory

Question 7

The people should be living

permanently in an area

Answer 7

Permanent resident population

Question 8

The administrative system which performs the

functions needed and desired by the people living within the territory

Answer 8

Government

Question 9

The State invariably has responsibility for many
economic activities, even if they include a little more than the issuance and
supervision of money and trade, and even if economic activities are managed
badly

Answer 9

Organized economy

Question 10

the organized means of transmitting good and,

people and ideas from one part of the territory to anothe

Answer 10

Circulation systems

Question 11

Political Criteria

Answer 11

Sovereignty

Recognition

Question 12

means power over the people of an area unrestrained by laws
originating outside the area, or independence completely free of direct external control (e.g. Hong Kong is still under China)

Answer 12

Sovereignty

Question 13

For a political unit to be accepted as a State with an international personality of its own, it must be recognized as such by a significant portion of international community—the existing States (e.g. Taiwan’s sovereignty is disputed by China)

Answer 13

Recognition

Question 14

often used interchangeably with the State

refers to a large group of people sharing the same elements of culture such as religion, language, history, or political identity

share a common identity, but
they need not reside in a common geographical area

Answer 14

nation

Question 15

ideal form consisting
of homogeneous group of people governed by their own State

no entirely pure __exist

Answer 15

nation-state

Question 16

political category, homogenize multiple and sometimes conflicting constituencies

Answer 16

citizenship

Question 17

strengthen and unify a State. These include nationalism, shared ideologies, culture, religion, common outside threat, transportation networks, and raison d’être (reason for
existence).

Answer 17

centripetal forces

Question 18

divide or pull apart a State. These include language, ethnicity, race, economic interests, or even religion (e.g. Christianity vs.
Islam)

Answer 18

centrifugal forces

Question 19

the feeling of belonging to a nation as well as the belief that a national has a natural right to determine its own affairs, is a powerful centripetal force

healthy emotion that reinforces the unity of a State

encourages, stimulates, involves

self-determination and fragmentation

Answer 19

Nationalism

Question 20

different forms of nationalism

Answer 20

Civic nationalism
Ethnic nationalism
Religious nationalism

Question 21

A form of nationalism in which the State derives
political legitimacy from the active participation of its citizenry, from the
degree to which it represents the “will of the people”

Answer 21

Civic nationalism

Question 22

Some citizens in a nation may feel nationalist

sentiments towards another State or an ethnic group

Answer 22

Ethnic nationalism

Question 23

This form represents the relationship of nationalism

to a particular religious belief, dogma, or affiliation

Answer 23

Religious nationalism

Question 24

self-determination and fragmentation of nationalism

Answer 24

Irredentism
Secession
Chauvinism

Question 25

Desire to incorporate within the State all areas that had once been part of the State

Answer 25

Irredentism

Question 26

When a people and their territory withdraw from a State to become independent

Answer 26

Secession

Question 27

May be defined as the excessive and bellicose feelings of superiority over all other peoples and countries

Answer 27

Chauvinism

Question 28

territorial morphology. or the different shapes of States.

Answer 28

``` compact elongated prorupt fragmented perforated ```

Question 29

The most efficient shape of a State either round or rectangular where the distance from the center to the boundaries does not vary much easier to administer and to secure, and it allows for faster communication and transportation. Belgium, Cambodia, and Poland

Answer 29

compact State

Question 30

A less efficient shape administratively speaking long and narrow, the parts of the country that are farthest from the capital are likely to be isolated and to encompass a greater diversity of climate, resources, and peoples compared to the compact States Norway, Chile, and Sweden

Answer 30

elongated State

Question 31

This is when an elongated protrusion forms a peninsula or corridor that leads away from the main body of the compact territory may signify economic or strategic importance while in other cases they are isolated Thailand, Myanmar, and Croatia

Answer 31

prorupt State

Question 32

consist of mainly islands that are separated by land or waters challenge for the imposition of a centralized control over its territory, particularly when the parts are far from one another the Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia

Answer 32

fragmented State

Question 33

This is a type of State that completely surrounds another State impossible to reach the perforating (land-locked) State without crossing the territory of the perforated State South Africa that surrounds Lesotho.

Answer 33

perforated State

Question 34

Acquisition of Territory

Answer 34

``` Effective Occupation Prescription Conquest and Annexation Voluntary Cession Accretion Acquisition of Rights ```

Question 35

When a State occupies, inhabits, administers, and protects and area it has “discovered”. Discovery of a territory is not enough; it has to be followed by __

Answer 35

Effective Occupation

Question 36

when a State occupies an area that has been occupied by another State for many years without Effective Occupation. An area occupied by another State for many years without administering and protecting it can be considered abandoned and can be passed on to another occupying State

Answer 36

Prescription

Question 37

Conquest recognized through a peace treaty or any other legal instrument of cession ___ is when a State takes control of another state usually by force, but it is no longer accepted as legal by international bodies must be followed by Effective ___ which is a legal extension of sovereignty over another State (unilateral).

Answer 37

Conquest and Annexation

Question 38

When a State transfers its territory (with its inhabitants) to another State through mutual agreement (e.g. through cash gifts, promise of servitude or protection).

Answer 38

Voluntary Cession

Question 39

Addition of land to a State by natural processes (e.g. volcanic eruption, delta formation)

Answer 39

Accretion

Question 40

The rights to use the territory is granted by one State to another without title or sovereignty. The transfer of rights can be in a form of lease (rent) or servitude

Answer 40

Acquisition of Rights