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Neuro > 13: Deep Cerebellum and Brainstem > Flashcards

13: Deep Cerebellum and Brainstem Flashcards

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1
Q

general cerebellar function

A

comparator-compensates for error in movement by comparing intention with performance

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2
Q

three main tasks accomplished by cerebellum

A

coordination
tone regulation
equilibrium

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3
Q

non motor functions of cerebellum

A

cognition
emotion
affective processing

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4
Q

sensory functions accomplished by cerebellum

A

sequencing incoming sensory patterns

detecting temporal changes in sequence of events

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5
Q

slow cerrebellar feed back paths

A

ALLOWS FOR LONG TERM IMPROVEMENT anticipate and smooth out movements of trunk and limbs

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6
Q

FAST FORWARD MECHANISMS paths in the cerebellum

A

second to second regulation of movements to keep them smooth

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7
Q

name the lobes of the cerebellum

A

anterior
posterior
flocculonodular lobe
(vermis/paravermis in the midline)

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8
Q

vermis/ paravermis controls

A

axial musculature (neck and trunk muscles)

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9
Q

lateral hemispheres control

A

arms and legs

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10
Q

flocculonodular lobe controls

A

maintaining balance

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11
Q

collections of cell bodies

A

in the CNS-nuclei

in the PNS-ganglion

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12
Q

what ARE deep cerebellar nuclei

A

primary relay points for efferent fibers traveling from cerebellar cortex (via purkinje cells) to other brain regions
CEREBELLA RINPUTS PASS THRU THESE THANGS

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13
Q

LATERAL HEMISPHERES PROJECT TO WHICH DEEP CEREBELLAR NUCLEUS

A

dentate-responsible for limbs (arms and legs)

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14
Q

paravermal zones project to the

A

nucleus interpositus- made up of globose and emboliform nuclei–> movement of axial muscles and neck muscles

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15
Q

what makes up the interpositus nucleus

A

globose and emboliform

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16
Q

cerebellar info about arms and legs goes thru the

A

dentate nucleus

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17
Q

info about the axial skeleton, trunk and neck passes thru which nucleus

A

Partavermis-interpositus (globose and emboliform)

Vermis-fastigial

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18
Q

vermis zones project thru which deep nucleus

A

fastigial–> head, neck and axial skeleton

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19
Q

three fiber bundles to and from the cerebellum-thru brainstem-to brain and body

A

superior cerebellar peduncle-major
Middle cerebellar peduncle
inferior cerebellar peduncle

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20
Q

afferent fibers in the superior cerebellar peduncle

A

anterior spinocerebellar tract

acoustic and optic info

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21
Q

efferents in the superior cerebellar peduncle

A

dentatorubrothalamic tract

dentatothalamic tracts

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22
Q

affarents in the middle cerebellar peduncle

A

pontocerebellar

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23
Q

inferior cerebellar peduncle affarents

A

vestibulocerebellar tract
olivulocerebellar tract
posterior spinocerebellar tract

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24
Q

efferents in the inferior cerebellar peduncle

A

cerebellovestibular

cerebellooviary tracts

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25
dentatothalamic pathway carries what
info from the LATERAL aspects of the ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR cerebellar cortices TO THE THALAMUS-->then to the CONTRALATERAL motor cortex!!!-to coordinate movement in the limbs IPSILATERAL to the cerebellar hemisphere of origin
26
cerebelloolivary tracts carries
information from the vermis and flocculonodular lobes through the EGF nuclei to the vestibular nuclei, the olivary nuclei, and the brainstem reticular formation. The latter pathways are important in maintaining balance.
27
cerebellar gray matter cortex cell types and layers
>outer- basket (i) stellate (i) >middle- purkinje (ex)-only nerves that are cerebellar output >granule=layer (golgi (-) granule cells (+)
28
only output neurons from the cerebellum
purkinje cells | -synapse on the deep nuclei-in turn send axons outside the cerebelum
29
only direct input to purkinje fibers of the cerebellum from outside=
rising fibers from olivary nuclei
30
other input from within the cerebellum
mossy fibers that synapse and activate the cerebellar glomeruli
31
FUNCTIONAL divisons of cerebellum
vestibulocerebellar spinocerebellum cerebrocerebellum
32
what formations go in to the vestibulocerebellum
vestibular nuclei, flocculonodular, inferior paravermis, fastigial nuclei
33
formations that go into the spinocerebellum
anterior lobe or cerebellum, vermis, superior paravermis
34
formations in the cerebrocerebellum
lateral portions of the posterior lobes
35
functions of vestibulocerebellum division
coordinate eye head neck movements-maintain balance
36
afferents into the vestibulocrebellum
IPSILATERAL vestibular nuclei via inferior peduncle
37
efferents from vestibulocerebellar nuclei
to vestibular nuclei via fastigial nuclei and inferior peduncle
38
function of the spinocerebellar division
coordinates trunk and proximal limb movements
39
afferents into spinocerebellar division
ipsilateral spinal cord via inferior peduncle
40
efferents levaing the spinocerebellar formation
to THALAMUS,, cerebral cortex, via the EGF nucleus, superior peduncle -to vestibular nuclei, red nuclei, and brainstem reticular formation
41
function of cerebrocerebellar formation
COORDINATES FINE MOTOR PLANING OF LIMBS -ANTICIPATES SENSORY CONSEQUENCES OF MOVEMENTS COGNITIVE MEMORY OF MOTOR FUNCTIONS
42
affarents into the cerebrocerebellar formaiton
from CONTRALATERAL neocortex via pontine nucleus
43
efferents from cerebrocerebellar formation
to CONTRALATERAL motor and premotor cortex in the forebrain | -via dentate nuclei, superior peduncle, red nucleus, and thalamus
44
Superior colliculus
control of reflex movements that orient the eyes, head, neck in response to auditory, visual and somatic stimuli
45
periaqueductal gray function
processing of autonomic and limbic activities as well as the modulation of nocioception
46
parasympathetic innveration of the eye to constrict iri and to the ciliary muscle to alter lense shape
edinger westphal nucleus-runs in CN III
47
accomodation
edinger westphal nucleus
48
motor control of eye movements
CN III-occulomotor
49
path to thalamus for pain/temp from periphery
spinothalamic tracts
50
sensory pathway for proprioception connection n. gracilis and cuneatus with the thalamus
medial lemniscus
51
thalamic relay for auditory info
medial geniculate
52
thalamic relay for visual info
lateral geniculate
53
fiber bundles of the CORTICOSPINAL tract connecting cerebral cortex to the brainstem
cerebral peduncle
54
optic tract
optic fibers from the optic chiasm to the lateral giniculate
55
nuclei degenerates in parkinsons-smooth moto contol
substantia nigro
56
relay between cerebellum to the thalamus
red nucleus
57
fiber path between the vestibular nuclei in the CN nuclei 3,4, 6 to coordinate head and eye movement
medial longitudinal fasciculus
58
pathway to and from cerebellum->dentatothalamic tract efferent- anterior spinocerebellar tract afferent
Superior cerebellar peduncle
59
fiber pathway to and from the cerebellum-pontocerebellar tract is the afferents
middle cerebellar peduncle
60
main sensory component of the trigeminal ganglion, main motor nucleus of CN V located int he pons
mesencephalic nucleus
61
cranial nerve that runs laterall and out thru the pons
CN V
62
collection of neurons in the pons that recieve input from the neocortex and send crossing fibers thru the middle cerebellar peduncle
pontine nuclei-pontocerebellar tract afferents
63
Noradrenergic brainstem nucleus involved in mood. sleep/wake cylce
locus coeruleus
64
serotonin type nuclei involved in mood, sleep wake cycle
raphe nucleus pontis
65
motor fibers from neocortex to spinal interneurons and LMNs
corticospinal tract
66
corticospinal tract when in the medulla
pyramids
67
origin of the climbing fibers to the cerebellar purkinje cells
inferuor olivary nucleus
68
nuclear and tract components of CNV that extends down into the upper cervical spinal cord
spinal nucleus of CN V
69
parasympathetic motor nucleus to lungs and gut
dorsal motor nucleus of VAGUS CN X
70
sensory nucleus for taste CN VII glands chemo and barocreceptors CN 9 and 10
nucleus tractus solitarius
71
nuclei fo the vestiblar system that regulate balance
inferior and medial vestibular nuclei | -vestibulocerebellar formation
72
network of neurons and axons that reside in the brain stem tegmentum involved in arousal respiration, heart rate control
reticular formation
73
decussation of pyramids in the
lower/caudal medulla
74
cn with nucleus in the LOWER medulla
CN Ix-taste and motor to tongue and pharyngeal muscles
75
common thread for most brain stem syndromes
contralateral body weakness or sensory loss coupled with same sided cranial nerve weakness or sensory loss
76
lesion in the long tracts of brain stem will cause
contralateral signs and symptoms-because they havent crossed over yet
77
lesions in the nuclei or fasciculus will cause
ipsilateral signs and symptoms-these are distal to the decussation
78
midbrain stroke syndrome
benedikt
79
lesions seen in benedikt syndrome
Cerebral peduncle | CN II fascicle
80
ipsilateral CN II palsy, loss of pupil constriction, contralateral temor and ataxia
Benedikts syndrome
81
red nucleus, occulomotor nuclear complex, edinger westphal nucleus all damaged
benedikts syndrome
82
name the two Medial Pontine Vascular lesions
Millard-Gruber | Fovilles syndromes
83
difference betwen the two pontine lesion
Foville syndrome has ipsilateral gaze paresis
84
areas damaged in pontine stroke syndromes
>medial longitiudinal fasciculus-gaze disorders- VI >Medial lemniscus-loss of contral. disc. touch >cerebellar lesion on both sides due to pontine nuclei lesions and transverse cerebellar fibers both the ips. and contral sides >corticospinal tract-contral. hemiparesis
85
medullary stroke syndromes
medial-medial medullary syndrome | latera-wallenburg syndrome
86
medial medullary syndrome
contral arm/leg weakness contral. decrease in position vibration ipsilateral tongue weakness
87
wallenburg syndrome-sommon posterior circulation stroke
ips ataxia, vertigo, nausea, ips dec in face pain sensation, contra dec in body pain, ipsilateral horners, dysphagia

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