13. Ethnicity and Education: External Factors: Cultural Deprivation Flashcards
(44 cards)
What are 3 key things about the statistics behind ethnicity and achievement
The graphs group people together in large groups, causing over representation.
A-level groups show different results to GCSE. African high at A but low at GCSE
Graphs are broken down further from ethnicity to gender and class too.
What does external factor mean?
outside school, at home and in wider soicety
What is material deprivation
not having resources that you need, like textbooks, nutriution and food etc
what is cultural deprivation
values that families have and that they believe in and follow
what does intellectual and linguistic skills show about underachievement
low income black families lack intellectual stimulation and enriching experiences
Poorly equipped for school, have no problem solving skills.
What did Berieter and Engelmann 1996 discover about intellectual and linguistic skills
language spoken by low-income black families as adequate for educational success. It is ungrammatical, disjointed and incapable of expressing abstract ideas.
Hwy would the use of slang lead to educational underachievement
unable to access sophisticated vocabulary
marked down and receive lower grades
speak slang means perceived as lower class
only access restricted code.
Why is their concern about non-english first language
children may have difficulties completing school work and communicating with teachers
misinterpreted as lack of ability leading teachers to have lower expectations.
What do official statistics show about non-English first language?
students who have English as a first language achieve 4.5 on average, but students who have other first languages achieve 5.5 on average.
All achieve the same rate, but it doesn’t mean that not having english is a factor to compare
How does having a non-English first language help students
Students put more effort in to understand all other subjects to develop language and literacy sills, and understand the linguistics better
What are the four elements of working class subcultures?
present time orientation- focus on now not future planning
fatalism- no point in hard work when future is set
collectivism- all going through similar experience
immediate gratification- get rewarded now for little, not work hard for bigger reward in future
What do attitudes and values show about working class subcultures
lack of motivation is a major cause of failure in black children
while ambition, competitivity and willingness is installed, some cultures socialise fatalistic, live for today that does not value education and leaves them unequipped for success
How does family structure and parental support lead to underachievement in education (Daniel Moynihan 1965)
black families headed my a lone mother are deprived of adequate care because she has to struggle financially in the absence of a male breadwinner. boys are socialised inadequately and and fail at school due to inadequate parenting
How are different articles presented to show different ethnicities in a different ways
look at all single parent families and create proportions out of each other.
or look at each individual group and create stat about single parents in each category
What did Charles Murray 1984 think? New Right
high rate of lone parenthood and lack of positive male role models lead to underachievement of some minorities
What did Roger Scruton 1986 think? NR
low achievement is due to failure to embrace mainstream british culture
What did Ken Pryce 1979 think? NR
family structure fails black caribbean students
Asians achieve higher due to high racism tolerance and greater self worth. opposite for black caribbean
How has society changed since 1979 to reduce racism as a factor
Racism in schools is challenged and now more integration across cultures shows symbolism.
What did Tony Sewell 2009 believe?
not the absence of fathers leading to underachievement.
lack of fatherly nurturing or tough love, boys can’t overcome emotional behavioural troubles of teenagehood.
street gangs offer fatherly tough love.
creates anti school black masculinity
What did Chris Arnot 2004 describe
ultra tough ghetto superstar, an image constantly reinforced through rap lyrics and MTV videos
What did Sewell say about underachievement in black boys
The biggest barrier facing black boys is black peer pressure. We need to talk about how black students discourage their peers.
What does Gillborn 2008 argue in criticism?
not peer pressure but institutional racism that systematically produces the underperformance of black boys
What does Finney and Swann 2014 argue in criticism?
no clear strong link between young black male low educational or career aspirations
back students had a positive self-concept and self reliance, belief in hard work. largely insulated themselves from barriers and constraints experienced in school.
How did Asian families benefit is Sewell’s POV
Indian and chinese benefit from supportive families and place a high value on education
