1.3 Gene Expression

Question 1

RNA has (……) strand and is found in the (……), (……) and (…..), RNA has (……) sugar present and obtains the bases (…..), (……), (……) and (……) .

Answer 1

RNA has 1 strand and is found in the nucleus, ribosome and cytoplasm, RNA has ribose sugar present and obtains the bases adenine, uracil, cytosine and guanine.

Question 2

DNA has (……) strands and can be found in the (……), DNA has (……) sugar present and contains the bases (……), (……), (……) and (……)

Answer 2

DNA has 2 strands and can be found in the * nucleus, DNA has a * deoxyribose * sugar present and contains the bases * adenine, thymine, cytosine and * guanine*

Question 3

What is the complementary RNA strand?

ATGCATGATTAG

Answer 3

UACGUACUAAUC

Question 4

What is the function of mRNA?

Answer 4

Carries specific amino acids to the ribosome

Question 5

Where is mRNA located in the cell?

Answer 5

Nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 6

What is the funtion of tRNA

Answer 6

Combines with proteins to form ribosomes

Question 7

Where is tRNA located in the cell?

Answer 7

Ribosome

Question 8

What is the funtion of rRNA

Answer 8

Carries a complementary copy of DNA from the nucleus to the ribosome.

Question 9

Where is rRNA located in the cell?

Answer 9

Cytoplasm and ribosome

Question 10

In what way dose the DNA of one species Differentiate from another

Answer 10

The order of bases varies

Question 11

How many bases in the genetic code correspond to One amino acid?

Answer 11

Three

Question 12

which enzyme is involved in transcription?

Answer 12

RNA polymerase

Question 13

What is the difference between an exon and a intron?

Answer 13

Exons are coding regions and introns are non-coding regions

Question 14

Is it introns or extrons what are removed from the primary transcript of mRNA

Answer 14

Introns

Question 15

How are introns removed from the primary transcript of mRNA

Answer 15

RNA splicing

Question 16

What is the name given to the three bases located on an mRNA strand?

Answer 16

Codon

Question 17

What is the name given to the three bases located on the tRNA strand?

Answer 17

Anticodon

Question 18

What is the name of the process of creating a polypeptide strand from mRNA

Answer 18

Translation

Question 19

What type of bonds form between mRNA and tRNA bases brought together at the ribosome?

Answer 19

Hydrogen bond

Question 20

What tupe of bond forms between adjacent amino acids brought together by their tRNA at the ribosome?

Answer 20

Peptide

Question 21

What is formed as the ribosome contuines to move along the mRNA molecule?

Answer 21

Polypeptide chain

Question 22

What is the fate of the tRNA molecule when its amino acid has been joined to the polypeptide?

Answer 22

Discharged from the ribosome to be reused

Question 23

Formation of the primary transcript of mRNA takes place in the….

Answer 23

Nucleus

Question 24

Modification of the primary transcript of mRNA takes place in the….

Answer 24

Nucleus

Question 25

Collection of amino acids by tRNA takes place in the….

Answer 25

Cytoplasm

Question 26

Formation of codon-anticodon links takes place in the….

Answer 26

Ribosome

Question 27

Diffeent proteins can be expressed by one gene as a result of…

Answer 27

Alternative RNA splicing

Question 28

Explain how its possible for 1 gene to code for so many proteins

Answer 28

As a result of alternative RNA splicing different mature transcripts can be produced and diffrent amino acids are incorporated into the polypeptide

Question 29

What is a polypeptide?

Answer 29

A chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Question 30

What causes the 3D shape of a protein?

Answer 30

Hydrogen bonds and other interactions between individual amino acids

Question 31

What determines the function of a protein?

Answer 31

The variety of shape

Question 32

Descrice four functions of a protein

Answer 32

Enzymes - biological catalysts Antibodies - distruction of antigens Membrane protein - receptors Hormones - chemical messenger’s

Question 33

What determines the phenotype of an organism?

Answer 33

The phenotype is determined by proteins produced as a result of gene expression

Question 34

Genotype definition

Answer 34

Combination of genes

Question 35

Genome definition

Answer 35

All the generic information of an individual

Question 36

Phenotype definition

Answer 36

The physical trait that is observed

Question 37

Gene expression definition

Answer 37

The process where information from a gene is used in the synthesis of proteins.