13 Health Problems Common in Adolescents Flashcards
(80 cards)
Absence of menstrual flow, strongly suggests
pregnancy but is no means definitive, because it can
also result from tension, anxiety, fatigue, chronic
illness, extreme dieting, or strenuous activity.
Amenorrhea
Types of Amenorrhea
Primary
Secondary
Absence of menstruation in someone who has not
had a period by age 15.
Primary Amenorrhea
The most common cause of primary amenorrhea
relates to _____
hormone levels
Absence of 3 or more periods in a row by someone
who has had periods in the past
Secondary Amenorrhea
_____ is the most common cause of secondary
amenorrhea
Pregnancy
Causes of Amenorrhea
- Natural Amenorrhea (Pregnancy, breastfeeding,
menopause) - Contraceptives
- Medications (Antipsychotic, cancer chemotherapy,
antidepressants, BP drugs, allergy medications) - Lifestyle factors (low body weight, excessive exercise,
stress) - Hormonal imbalance (PCOS, thyroid malfunction,
pituitary tumor, premature menopause) - Structural problems (uterine scarring, lack of
reproductive organ, structural abnormality of vagina)
Medical Diagnosis for Amenorrhea
Blood Tests
Hormone Challenge Tests
Imaging Tests
Scope Tests
Blood Test for Amenorrhea
● Pregnancy Test
● Thyroid Function Test
● Ovary Function Test
● Prolactin Test
● Male Hormone Test
Imaging Tests for Amenorrhea
● Ultrasound
● MRI
Scope Test for Amenorrhea
● Hysteroscopy
Therapeutic Management of Amenorrhea
● Medication or medical treatment
● Healthy and balanced diet
● Moderate physical activities
Painful menstruation caused by the release of
prostaglandins in response to tissue destruction
during the ischemic phase of the menstrual cycle,
which leads to smooth muscle contraction and
uterine pain.
Dysmenorrhea
Types of Dysmenorrhea
Primary
Secondary
Painful menstrual periods are very common and it
occurs in the absence of organic disease
Primary Dysmenorrhea
Pain begins a day or two before the start of menstrual periods and ends within 12- 36 hours.
Primary Dysmenorrhea
Symptoms for Primary Dysmenorrhea
● Lower back and pelvic pain
● Pain in thighs and hips
● Headache and fatigue
● Nausea and vomiting
● Diarrhea
● Irritation and anxiety
● Eruption of acne
Causes of Primary Dysmenorrhea
● Contraction - Period Starts - Extreme
Contraction - Decreased Oxygen
● Prostaglandin activates contraction of uterus
- Progesterone drops, Prostaglandin
increases - Pressed blood vessels obstructs
oxygen flow - Muscular tissues (severe pain)
Painful menses which are less common and it occurs
as a result of organic disease.
Secondary Dysmenorrhea
Pain starts several days before the beginning of
periods and lasts even after the cycle for the month is complete
Secondary Dysmenorrhea
Symptoms: of Secondary Dysmenorrhea
● Sudden extreme abdominal pain
● Chills and fever
● Abnormal vaginal discharge
● Pain or vaginal bleeding after sexual
intercourse
● Heavy period bleeding with blood clots
● Low backache and pelvic pain
● Irregularity in periods
● Painful urination and bowel movement
Causes of Secondary Dysmenorrhea
● Endometriosis - abnormal growth of
endometrial cells outside the uterus - on the
fallopian tubes, pelvis and ovaries.
● Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) -
Inflammatory conditions of the genital tract
in females: the uterus, fallopian tubes, and
ovaries
● Cervical Stenosis - The opening of the
uterus is very narrow and obstructs the
menstrual flow.
Abnormal growth of endometrial cells outside the uterus - on the fallopian tubes, pelvis and ovaries.
Endomtriosis
Inflammatory conditions of the genital tract
in females: the uterus, fallopian tubes, and
ovaries
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
