1.3 Intro to Organic Chem Flashcards
(30 cards)
What are the four types of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons?
Alkanes, Cycloalkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes
Isomer
Molecules with the same formula but different arrangements
Structural Isomer
Different connectivity
Stereoisomers
Different arrangement
What are the two main types of Stereoisomers?
Enantiomers, Diastereomers
What is an Enantiomer?
Compounds are not superimposable
What is the common example of a Diasteomer?
A Cis-Trans isomer
What is the Molecular formula for Methane?
CH4
Molecular formula for Ethane?
C2H6
Molecular formula for Propane?
C3H8
What do Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic compounds have in common?
Unsaturated hydrocarbons
Non-polar
low melting point
Soluble in non-polar solvent
How many carbon atoms form gases, colorless liquids, and waxy white solids?
1 to 4
5 to 17
18
What does IUPAC stand for?
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
What is Methanol and it’s uses?
A colorless, odorless liquid
Used as a solvent for methanol (formaldehyde)
What is Ethanol and it’s uses?
Colorless, odorless liquid used in alcohol
What is a Carbonyl group?
A carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen.
What is significant about Aldehydes?
The carbonyl group is always located at the end of the carbon chain
What is significant about Ketones?
Carbonyl group is located within the carbon chain
How does a Carboxylic acid get its name?
Taken from the terms carbonyl and hydroxyl
How are Esters formed?
The reaction of Carboxylic acids with alcohol
Alcohol/Ethanol structure
R - O - H
Aldehyde/Ethanal structure
. O
=
R - C - H
Ketone/Methyl Ethyl Ketone
. O
=
R - C - R’
What is an Aromatic Hydrocarbon?
Contains a benzene ring
Each carbon is bonded to one hydrogen
