1.3 Lipids Flashcards

(51 cards)

1
Q

What are the 3 elements that make up lipids

A
  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen
  • Oxygen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What are lipids insoluble in

A

Water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are lipids soluble in

A

Organic solvents like ethanol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 7 functions of lipids

A
  • Thermal insulation
  • Protection
  • Buoyancy
  • Source of metabolic water
  • Waterproofing
  • Energy store
  • Cell membrane structure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is denser lipids or water

A

Water is denser than lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What waterproof organisms’ layers come from lipids

A

-Skin
- Leaf cuticle
- Fur
- Feather

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of tissue creates thermal insulation, lipids

A

Adipose tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What 2 things in the cell membrane are lipids

A
  • Phospholipid bilayer
  • Cholesterol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 2 types of lipid structure

A
  • Simple
  • Compound
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In a simple lipid, what are the 2 components

A
  • Glycerol
  • Fatty acids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In a compound lipid, what are the components

A
  • Glycerol
  • Fatty acids
  • Another group/ molecule/ compound
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an example of a simple lipid

A

Triglyceride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is an example of a compound lipid

A

Phospholipid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the chemical formula for glycerol

A

C3H8O3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the general formula for fatty acids

A

CH3(CH2)nCOOH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In fatty acids, which part of the general formula is the variable/ R group

A

The elements in a bracket e.g. (CH2)n

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In fatty acids, which part of the general formula is the carboxyl group

A

COOH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In a fatty acid how is the carboxyl group bonded

A

HO-C=O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In lipid structure, what bond is formed by a condensation reaction

A

Ester bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Does an ester bond contain an oxygen bridge

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Are lipids polymers, and why

A

Not polymers because they aren’t made from the same repeated units

21
Q

How do the hydrocarbon tail and the fatty acid tail differ in lipids

A

The hydrocarbon tail only contains carbon and hydrogen so doesn’t have a carboxyl group (COOH) whereas the fatty acid tail does contain the carboxyl group

22
Q

Why are some fatty acids saturated

A
  • A saturated fatty acid is fully saturated with hydrogen because there are no carbon to carbon double bonds
23
Q

Why are some fatty acids unsaturated

A
  • An unsaturated fatty acid isn’t fully saturated with hydrogen because there is at least one carbon to carbon double bond
24
Name an example of a saturated fat
Butter
25
Name an example of an unsaturated fat
Oil
26
Where do saturated fats usually come from
Animals
27
Where do unsaturated fats usually come from
Plants
28
At room temp, what state are saturated fats
Solid
29
At room temp, what state are unsaturated fats
Liquid
30
What does a high increase of saturated fats increase your risk of
Heart disease
31
What is a respiratory substrate
A molecule that can release energy which is used to create ATP
32
How do animals get their energy from a respiratory substrate
By breaking it down in the presence of oxygen, oxidising it
33
When you oxidies a lipid respiratory substrate, where does the energy come from
The breaking of the C-C and C-H bondds
34
Why do you get twice the energy yield from using lipids instead of carbohydrates as a respiratory substrate
Because there are more C-C and C-H bonds in lipids due to the hydrocarbon tail
35
Are phospholipids, a compound or simple lipid
Compound lipid
36
What are the 2 components of a phospholipid
- x2 Hydrophobic tails - x1 Hydrophilic head
37
What is the head made of in a triglyceride
Glycerol
38
What is the head made of in a phospholipid
- Glycerol - Phosphate
39
How many tails does a triglyceride have
3
40
How many tails does a phospholipid have
2
41
Why do fats form good waterproofing layers
They're insoluble in water
42
What is the structure of a tiglyceride
- 1 Glycerol - 3 fatty acids
43
What chemical group does glycerol belong to
Alcohol
44
What are the 2 different types of fatty acids
- Saturated - Unsaturated
45
In a triglyceride, what is the name of the covalent bond that forms between a fatty acid and glycerol
Ester bond
46
What type of reaction takes place when ester bonds form
Condensation reaction
47
Name the biochemical test that is used to show the presence of lipids
Emulsion test
48
Describe how you would use a microscope to find the mean diameter of triglyercide droplet on a slide
- Measure with eyepiece graticule / scale; - Calibrate with stage micrometer / scale on slide / object of known size - Repeats and calculate the mean;
49
Explain why phospholipids can form a bilayer but triglycerides cannot (3 marks)
- Phospholipids both hydrophobic and hydrophilic - Triglycerides only hydrophobic - Hydrophilic group attracts to water
50
Describe how a triglyceride molecule is formed (3 marks)
1. One glycerol and three fatty acids; 2. Condensation (reactions) and removal of three molecules of water; 3. Ester bond(s) (formed);