13 Mock settling in resit

Question 1

describe the short term effects on gas exchange at the alveoli

Answer 1

1. O2 concentration in the alveoli
   increases so the diffusion gradient steepens
2. O2 diffuses from a high pO2 in the alevoli into blood
3. CO2 diffusion gradient steepens
4. CO2 diffuses from high pCO2 in cap blood into low pCO2 in the alveoli

Question 2

make two comparisons between the sit and reach test and the goniometer

Answer 2

sit and reach: only lower back and hips, easy to administer
goniometry: any joint, training required for accurate measurement

Question 3

identify three factors that affect the stability of a gymnast

Answer 3

1. base of support e.g. 4 points of contact in a bridge
2. height of centre of mass e.g. bend knees to increase stability when landing
3. line of gravity more central to base of support more stable

Question 4

give a sporting example for a second class lever

Answer 4

ball of the foot during the takeoff phase of a high jump

Question 5

define momentum

Answer 5

the quantity of motion possessed by a moving body

Question 6

identify the vertical forces acting on a gymnast and explain their relationship during the handstand

Answer 6

• weight acts downwards
• reaction force in points of contact act upwards and combine for a size equal to weight
• forces are balanced and net force = 0
• body remains at rest