13 Ortho/soft tissue Pathology Flashcards Preview

Pathology II Exam 3 > 13 Ortho/soft tissue Pathology > Flashcards

Flashcards in 13 Ortho/soft tissue Pathology Deck (27)
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1
Q

What is the #1 cause of bone cancer?

A

metastasis

2
Q

where do most primary bone tumors form?

A

at the metaphasis

3
Q

Which bones do osteomas generally target?

A

bones of the skull and face.

4
Q

where do most primary bone tumors form?

A

at the metaphyses

5
Q

which type of tumor is this describing: pediatric bone tumor that is generally small?

A

Osteoid osteoma

6
Q

Know this about Oseoid osteoma (4 things)?

A

1) lesions cause night pain
2) Respond to NSAIDS/aspirin
3) occur at the metaphysis
4) small

7
Q

Osteoblastoma is very similar to osteoid osteoma. The differences are that osteoblastoma…(3)?

A

1) Larger than osteoid osteoma (>2cm)
2 Tends to localize to vertibre (vs long bone metaphyses)
3) not helped by NSAIDS

8
Q

which tumor is all of the above:

1) a malignant mesenchymal tumor
2) produces malignant osteoid
3) predominates in children
4) associated with Paget’s disease

A

Osteosarcoma

9
Q

How do you treat osteosarcoma?

A

chemotherapy followed by resection.

10
Q

what does it mean to be a responder?

A

It is generally talking about osteosarcoma and the fact that some people respond to the chemotherapy treatment (90%) Those who respond have a much higher long term survival rate.

11
Q

What 4 things define an Enchondroma?

A

1) benign tumor of hyaline cartilage
2) small in size
3) well circumscribed
4) usually involves tubular bones of the hand.

12
Q

What is an osteochondroma?

A

bony outgrowths with a cartilaginous cap.

13
Q

What is the worst case scenario for an osteochondroma?

A

they can rarely undergo malignant transformation to a chondrosarcoma.

14
Q

what 4 characteristics define a chondroblastoma?

A

1) cartilaginous tumor
2) occurs in young persons
3) forms at epiphysis
4) looks like chicken wire on histology

15
Q

T/F Chondrosarcomas are adult cartilage forming sarcomas defined by permeative growth.

A

True

16
Q

Do high grade chondrosarcomas have a high metastatic risk?

A

Yes very high

17
Q

T/F It is often difficult to tell the difference between an enchondroma and osteosarcoma on histology?

A

true

18
Q

What do you see on histology of a De-differentiated chondrosarcoma?

A

an abrupt transformation of well differentiated chondrosarcoma to a high grade sarcoma that cannot be specifically identified to a certain tissue type.

19
Q

How do you treat giant cell tumors? do they tend to reoccur?

A

lesions are treated by curetage

they commonly reoccur

20
Q

what 4 characteristics describe giant cell tumors?

A

1) large tumors
2) destructive
3) epiphysial based
4) composed of sheets of mononuclear cells mixed with giant cells.

21
Q

what is another name for Ewings sarcoma?

A

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor

22
Q

what drives the formation of Ewings sarcoma?

A

reciprocal translocations of chromosomes 11 and 22 involving EWSR 1 and ETS TF’s.

23
Q

T/F CD99 and (MIC 2) markers can be used with IHC to diagnose Ewings sarcoma?

A

True these help to make the diagnosis but do not solidify the Dx.

24
Q

T/F Multiagent chemotherapy followed by surgery cures about 20% of the Ewing sarcoma cases?

A

False, it cures closer to 2/3 of the patients.

25
Q

which 2 types of carcinoma metastases are osteoblastic? (for our purposes here)

A

1) breast cancer

2) prostate cancer

26
Q

which type of carcinoma metastases is mixed? (osteoblastic and osteolytic)

A

1) Lung

27
Q

which 2 types of carcinoma metastasis are osteolytic?

A

1) Thyroid

2) Kidney