1.3. Plant And Animal Cells As Seen With A Light Microscope

Question 1

A generalized cell shows

Answer 1

all the structures that may commonly found in a cell

Question 2

Why do plant cells need to be stained before they are seen through a light microscope?

Answer 2

Because most of the cell contents are colorless and transparentt

Question 3

Define cell surface membrane

Answer 3

A very thin membrane surrounding all cells

Question 4

Cell surface membrane is also known as

Answer 4

Plasma membrane

Question 5

All eukaryotic cells contain

Answer 5

Nucleus

Question 6

Why is the nucleus very easy to see when looking down the microscope

Answer 6

It is relatively large and stains intensely

Question 7

The deeply staining material in the nucleus is

Answer 7

Chromatin

Question 8

Chromatin is a mass of

Answer 8

Coiled threads

Question 9

The threads are seen to collect together

Answer 9

To form chromosomes during nuclear division

Question 10

Chromatin contains ____ the molecule which contains the ________ that controls the activities of the cell.

Answer 10

DNA….. instructions(genes)

Question 11

An even more deeply staining area inside the nucleus is

Answer 11

The nucleolus

Question 12

Nucleolus is made up of

Answer 12

Loops of DNA from several chromosomes

Question 13

The common number of nucleoli in each cell in a mammal is

Answer 13

One to five

Question 14

One of the main function of nucleoli is

Answer 14

To make ribosomes

Question 15

All the living material inside the cell is called

Answer 15

Protoplasm

Question 16

all the living material outside the nucleus but within the cell is called

Answer 16

Cytoplasm

Question 17

Cytoplasm is an aqueous (watery) material, varying from a ______ to a _______ consistency.

Answer 17

Fluid ….. jelly like

Question 18

Why are organelles separated by membranes in an eukaryotic cell

Answer 18

so that their activities can be separated from the surrounding cytoplasm. Organising cell activities in separate compartments is essential for a structure as complex as an animal or plant cell to work efficiently.

Question 19

The most numerous organelles seen with the light microscope is

Answer 19

Mitochondria

Question 20

Mitochondria are only _______ using a light microscope

Answer 20

Just visible

Question 21

Videos of living cells have shown mitochondria can

Answer 21

Move about, change shape and divide.

Question 22

Mitochondria are specialized to carry out

Answer 22

Aerobic respiration

Question 23

What resulted in discovery of Golgi apparatus

Answer 23

The use of special stains containing silver

Question 24

What does the Golgi apparatus do

Answer 24

Golgi apparatus collects and processes molecules within the cell, particularly proteins.

Question 25

One of the structures commonly found in animal cells but absent from plant cells is

Answer 25

the centriole

Question 26

Plant cells differ from animal cells by posessing

Answer 26

Cell walls, large permanent vacuoles, and chloroplasts

Question 27

How do centrioles appear to be under the light microscope

Answer 27

As a small structure close to the nucleus

Question 28

Why is it that with a light microscope individual plant cells are more easily seen than animal cells

Answer 28

Because they’re usually larger, and unlike animal cells are surrounded by a cell wall

Question 29

The cell wall is extra cellular. Explain what this means.

Answer 29

The cell wall is an extra structure, which is outside the cell surface membrane

Question 30

What is the cell wall relatively rigid?

Answer 30

Because it contains fibers of cellulose a polysaccharide which strengthens it

Question 31

What are some benefits of the cell wall?

Answer 31

It gives the cell a definite shape. Prevents the cell from bursting when water enters it by osmosis, allowing large, pressures to develop inside the cell

Question 32

Cell walls may be reinforced for extra strength with

Answer 32

Extra cellulose or a hard material called lingin

Question 33

Cell walls are freely permeable

Answer 33

This means they allow free movement of molecules and ions through to the cell surface membrane

Question 34

Plant cells are linked to neighboring cells by

Answer 34

pores containing fine strands of cytoplasm. These structures are called plasmodesmata(singular: plasmodesma)

Question 35

Plasmodesmata are lined with

Answer 35

the cell surface membrane

Question 36

Movement through the pores is thought to be controlled by

Answer 36

The structure of the pores

Question 37

Vacuoles are

Answer 37

Sac like structures which are surrounded by a single membrane

Question 38

Animal cells possess small temporary vacuoles such as

Answer 38

Phagocytic vacuoles

Question 39

A mature plant cell possesses a _____, _______, _________ vacuole

Answer 39

Large, permanent, central

Question 40

The plant vacuole is surrounded by a membrane called

Answer 40

The tonoplast

Question 41

What is the function of a tonoplast

Answer 41

It controls the exchange between the vacuole and the cytoplasm

Question 42

The fluid in the vacuole is a solution of

Answer 42

Pigments, enzymes, sugars and other organic compounds (including some waste products), mineral salts, oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 43

Functions of vacuoles in a plant cell

Answer 43

Help to regulate the osmotic properties of the cells (the flow of water inwards and outwards) Contain the pigments which color the petals of certain flowers or parts of certain vegetables such as the red pigments of beetroots

Question 44

Chloroplasts are organelles specialized for

Answer 44

Photosynthesis

Question 45

Chloroplasts are found in

Answer 45

Green parts of the plants, mainly the leaves

Question 46

Chloroplasts are relatively large organelles so can easily be seen with a light microscope

Answer 46

It is even possible to see tiny ‘grains’ or grana (singular: granum) inside the chloroplasts using light microscope

Question 47

The grana inside the chloroplasts contains

Answer 47

Chlorophyll

Question 48

What is chlorophyll

Answer 48

The green pigment which absorbs light during photosynthesis

Question 49

What are chromatin

Answer 49

A highly staining material in the nucleus of which chromosomes are made, consisting of DNA, proteins and small amounts of RNA

Question 50

What do chromatins look like when stained

Answer 50

They are visible as patches or fibres within the nucleus when stained