1.3 Pt 2

Question 1

Routing

Answer 1

Routers forward packets based off dest IP

Each router only knows the next step

Routing table-list of “next steps”

Static-add routes to table manually
Dynamic-routers send routed to other routers (almost real time)
Default-route when no other route matches. Manually configured

Question 2

Autonomous System (AS)

Answer 2

Group of one or more IP prefixes run by one or more network operators which has a SINGLE and CLEARY DEFINED routing policy

Question 3

IGP

Answer 3

Interior Gateway Protocol

Route between networks within a single AS

Question 4

OSPFv2

Answer 4

Open Shortest Path First
OSPFv3 for IPV6

IGP-link state routing, considers if links are up and speed

Question 5

RIPv2

Answer 5

Routing Information Protocol
RIPng for IPV6

IGP-distance vector routing, how many hops

Question 6

EIGRP

Answer 6

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (Cisco)
EIGRP for IPV6

IGP-distance vector routing, how many hops

Question 7

EGP

Answer 7

Exterior Gateway Protocol

Routes between ASs

Question 8

BGP

Answer 8

Border Gateway Protocol

EGP-hybrid between link state and vector routing and configured rules

Many orgs use

Question 9

IPv4 and IPv6 addressing

Answer 9

IPv4
4 octets of 8 bits (1 byte)
Combination of network ID and host ID

IPv6
8 dual octets of 16 bits (2 bytes)
Listed out as hexadecimal
Groups of zeroes can be listed as ::, can only be used once, leading zeroes are optional in each group

Question 10

Dual Stack routing

Answer 10

Runs both IPv4 and IPv6
Interfaces assigned multiple address types

Configure v4/v6 addresses, v4/v6 routing table, and v4/v6 dynamic routing protocols

Question 11

Tunneling IPv6

Answer 11

6to4 addressing

Creates v6 addresses based off v4 address
Requires relay routers using IP protocol 41

No support for NAT

4in6 tunneling- opposite

Teredo/Miredo
E2E IPv6, no special router needed

Question 12

NDP

Answer 12

Neighbor Discovery Protocol

Operates using multicast with IPv6

Neighbor MAC discovery replaces IPv4 arp

Used for SLAAC (stateless address autoconfig) no need for DHCP

Used for DAD (duplicate address detection)

Question 13

Router advertisement

Answer 13

RS (router solicitation) and RA (router advertisement)

Client sends RS multicast to all v6 routers [ff02::2]

All routers listen and send back RA with v6 address

Routers also send unsolicited RA from the multicast dest of [ff02::1]

NS and NA (neighbor), replaces arp, clients find the MAC for certain v6 addresses