1.3 The Cold War Intensifies

Question 1

<p>What are the events of the <strong>Arms Race </strong>in order?</p>

Answer 1

<ul>
<li>1945 - USA drops atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, bringing the Second World War to an end</li>
<li>1949 - USSR tests an atomic bomb</li>
<li>1952 - USA develops Hydrogen bomb</li>
<li>1953 - USSR tests Hydrogen bomb</li>
<li>1957 - USA successfully tests Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM)</li>
<li>1957 - USSR successfully tests ICBM</li>
</ul>

Question 2

<p>When was the Hungarian Uprising?</p>

Answer 2

<p>1956</p>

Question 3

<p>Who was the Hungarian leader during the Hungarian Uprising?</p>

Answer 3

<p>Imre Nagy</p>

Question 4

<p>Who were the US and Soviet leaders during the Hungarian Uprising?</p>

Answer 4

<ul>
<li>Kruschev (Soviet Union)</li>
<li>Eisenhower (USA)</li>
</ul>

Question 5

<p>How did Kruschev react to the Hungarian Uprising?</p>

Answer 5

<ul>
<li>Khrushchev disapproved of Nagy's reforms and invaded Hungary with 200,000 troops on 4 November 1956 to depose (remove) Nagy
<ul>
<li>5,000 Hungarians were killed and 1,000 Soviet troops also died.</li>
<li>Nagy’s government was deported, and Nagy himself executed. This created an example to other dissenting (protesting) countries in Eastern Europe</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

Question 6

<p>Who replaced Imre Nagy as Hungarian leader after he was executed?</p>

Answer 6

<p>Janos Kadar replaced Imre Nagy</p>

Question 7

<p>What were the effects of the arms race on both sides?</p>

Answer 7

<ul>
<li>Each side became more powerful</li>
<li>USA and USSR spent huge sums of money on developing conventional and nuclear weapons and armies</li>
<li>Led to a change in thinking about war – they acted as a deterrent to war (Mutually Assured Destruction)</li>
</ul>

Question 8

<p>Which President took over from Truman in 1953?</p>

Answer 8

<p>Eisenhower- he was fiercely anti-communist but open to talks between the two sides</p>

Question 9

<p>When Stalin died in 1953 who took over leadership of the USSR?</p>

Answer 9

<p>Khrushchev in 1956 – followed a policy of de-Stalinisation</p>

Question 10

<p>Why were people in the satellite state of Hungary unhappy by 1956?</p>

Answer 10

<ul>
	<li>Lack of political freedoms</li>
	<li>Fuel shortages</li>
	<li>Poor harvests</li>
</ul>

Question 11

<p>What did Nagy do improve situations in Hungary?</p>

Answer 11

<p>He re-organised the government to include non-communists, released political prisoners and persuaded Khrushchev to withdraw Soviet troops from Hungary</p>

Question 12

<p>What did Nagy announce on 1 November 1956?</p>

Answer 12

<p>He would withdraw Hungary from the Warsaw pact</p>

Question 13

<p>How did other countries respond to the Soviet invasion of Hungary?</p>

Answer 13

<p>Although Radio free Europe, a US-government funded radio station had been urging people of Eastern Europe to rebel against communism, no military support was offered by the USA. The USA was not prepared to interfere in the affairs of an existing communist country</p>

Question 14

<p>What was the impact of the Hungarian uprising on international relations?</p>

Answer 14

<ul>
<li>Khrushchev’s position in the Soviet Union was more secure</li>
<li>Warsaw Pact members now knew they had to do what the USSR said</li>
<li>Khrushchev was more confident dealing with the USA as he knew they would probably not take military action</li>
<li>The West looked bad – they had not offered military support to Hungary</li>
<li>Relations between the USA and USSR got worse again as the USA condemned the Soviet invasion of Hungary</li>
</ul>