1.2 Development of the Cold War

Question 1

<p>When was the <strong>Truman Doctrine</strong>declared?</p>

Answer 1

<p>The Truman Doctrine was declared by President Harry Trumanin 1947</p>

Question 2

<p>What did the Truman Doctrine say?</p>

Answer 2

<ul>
<li>Countries had to decide between communism and capitalism</li>
<li>Communism limited people’s freedom</li>
<li>The USA was prepared to send troops and economic aid to countries resisting communism</li>
</ul>

Question 3

<p>When was the Marshall Plan passed?</p>

Answer 3

<p>The Mashall plan was passed in 1947</p>

Question 4

<p>What was the <strong>Marshall Plan</strong>?</p>

Answer 4

<p>The USA tried to contain communism by giving military and economic assistance to primarily Western European countries. The Marshall Plan provided economic assistance to Europe to help rebuild after the war</p>

Question 5

<p>What were the USA giving in Marshall Aid?</p>

Answer 5

<ul><li>The Marshall Plan provided economic assistance to back up the Truman Doctrine:<ul><li>$13 billion was provided by the USA helped to rebuild Europe</li></ul></li><li>In order to receive money, countries had to trade with the USA</li></ul>

Question 6

<p>What was the aim of the Marshall Plan?</p>

Answer 6

<p>The plan hoped to stop communism by giving states and people a stake in the capitalist system</p>

<p>It looked to follow the system of containment of Communism</p>

Question 7

<p>Which countries received Marshall aid?</p>

Answer 7

<p>16 Western European countries, including France, West Germany and Britain, received aid</p>

<p>But Stalin would not allow Eastern European countries to apply</p>

Question 8

<p>How did the Soviets see the Marshall Plan?</p>

Answer 8

<p>The Soviet Union saw both the Truman Doctrine and the 1947 Marshall Plan as a threat to Eastern Europe</p>

<p>They were an example of US “economic imperialism”. This was a characterisation of the USA which continued for the rest of the Cold War</p>

Question 9

<p>When was Cominform set up?</p>

Answer 9

<p>Cominform was set up in 1947</p>

Question 10

<p>What did Cominform do?</p>

Answer 10

<ul><li>The Soviet bureau of Cominform organised all communist parties in Europe<ul><li>It arranged the parties under the leadership of the USSR in Moscow</li></ul></li><li>It encouraged parties in Western Europe to stop their countries accepting assistance under the Marshall Plan</li></ul>

Question 11

<p>When was Comecon set up?</p>

Answer 11

<p>Comecon was set up in 1949</p>

Question 12

<p>What was Comecon and which countries were in Comecon?</p>

Answer 12

<ul>
<li>Comecon was the Soviet Union’s alternative to the Marshall Plan. Comecon countries were not allowed to sign up to the Marshall Plan</li>
<li>Comecon included Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, Hungary, Albania, and the German Democratic Republic (East Germany)</li>
</ul>

Question 13

<p>When was NATO set up?</p>

Answer 13

<p>NATO was set up in 1949</p>

Question 14

<p>Which countries were in NATO?</p>

Answer 14

<ul>
<li>NATO was a military alliance made up of the United States, Britain, Canada, The Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, and France</li>
<li>In 1955, the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) became a member</li>
</ul>

Question 15

<p>What was the purpose of NATO?</p>

Answer 15

<ul>
<li>The NATO alliance was based around the idea of “collective security” - when one country is attacked, the rest must assist it.</li>
<li>NATO acted as a buffer to a military attack by the Soviet Union on Western Europe</li>
</ul>

Question 16

<p>How did the Soviet Union counter NATO?</p>

Answer 16

<p>The Soviet Union countered NATO with the formation of the Warsaw Pact in 1955</p>

Question 17

<p>What were the tensions in Berlin?</p>

Answer 17

<ul>
<li>West Berlin, which was controlled by the USA, Britain and France, became an island in the middle of the Soviet-controlled Eastern zone. East Germany grew almost everything eaten in West Berlin</li>
<li>In June 1948, a new currency was introduced in Trizonia. Lots of people in the Soviet Zone of Berlin tried to get hold of the new currency (Deutsche Mark)</li>
<li>The Marshall Plan's money had also made West Berlin very prosperous relative to East Berlin</li>
</ul>

Question 18

<p>When did the USSR carry out the <strong>Berlin Blockade</strong>?</p>

Answer 18

<p>The Berlin Blockade was in June 1948 til May 1949</p>

Question 19

<p>What was the Berlin Blockade?</p>

Answer 19

<ul>
<li>In June 1948, the USSR closed all transport links into West Berlin.
<ul>
<li>British, French and US troops were forced to leave the city</li>
<li>This blocked all supplies into Berlin</li>
</ul></li><li>The Western powers did not want to look weak by pulling out of Berlin, which could not survive without supplies.</li>
<li>They also did not want to create a major incident by breaking through the road and rail links</li></ul>

Question 20

<p>How did Western powers respond to the Berlin Blockade?</p>

Answer 20

<p>The Western powers responded to the Berlin Blockade with the Berlin Airlift which gave5,000 tonnes of supplies each day to West Berlin</p>

Question 21

<p>Why did Stalin decide to impose a <strong>blockade </strong>on <strong>Berlin </strong>in June 1948?</p>

Answer 21

<p>By blockading road and rail links from West Germany into West Berlin, Stalin hoped to test the strength of the USA and to force them into surrendering West Berlin where two million people lived free from Soviet rule</p>

Question 22

<p>What were the <strong>consequences </strong>of the <strong>Berlin Blockade</strong>?</p>

Answer 22

<ul>
<li>Stalin gave in and ended the Blockade in May 1949 – he was humiliated</li>
<li>The USA, GB and FR combined their zones to form <strong>WestGermany</strong>(FRG)</li>
<li>Stalin set up <strong>East Germany </strong>(GDR) in 1949. West Germany refused to recognise it until 1970s</li>
<li><strong>NATO</strong>, a military alliance of western nations, was set up in 1949 to ensure that any future attack by Stalin would be met with force. West Germany joined in 1955</li>
<li>Stalin set up the <strong>Warsaw</strong>Pactin 1955 – a similar alliance of Eastern European countries; by 1949 Soviet scientists had also developed the atom bomb</li>
</ul>