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FINALS - ENT > throat ID > Flashcards

throat ID Flashcards

1
Q

what causes gingivostomatitis

A

herpes simplex

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2
Q

symptoms gingivostomatitis

A

systemic upset, lymph nodes, lethargy // ulcers on lips, buccal mucosa, hard palate

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3
Q

what causes cold sores

A

usually HSV1 (can be HSV2)

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4
Q

mx gingivostomatitis

A

oral aciclovir + chlorhexidine mouthwash

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5
Q

mx cold sores

A

topical aciclovir

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6
Q

diagnosis HSV

A

swab + PCR

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7
Q

what causes herpangina

A

enterovirus eg Coxsackievirus

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8
Q

sympoms herpangina

A

ulcers on soft palate

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9
Q

what causes hand, foot, mouth disease

A

Coxsackievirus a16 + enterovirus 71

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10
Q

symptoms hand, foot, mouth

A

mild systemic upset, sore throat, fever // oral ulcers // vesicles on hands and feet

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11
Q

mx hand, foot, mouth

A

symptomatic // no need to stay off school

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12
Q

symptoms oral candida

A

white, lacy patches on mucous membranes which wipe away

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13
Q

Risk factors oral candida

A

diabetes, inhaled steroids, abx, immunosuppressed, smokers

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14
Q

mx oral candida

A

nyastin or fluconazole

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15
Q

usual mx for sore throat

A

no swab, paracetamol + ibuprofin

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16
Q

indication for abx sore throat

A

systemic upset // unilateral tonsillitis // history rheumatic fever // immunocompromised // centor or feverPAIN indicate

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17
Q

centor criteria for bacterial sore throat

A

need 3 or 4 for abx // pus, lymph nodes, fever, no cough

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18
Q

feverPAIN for bacterial sore throat

A

need 4 or 5 // fever, pus, attend rapidly (3 days), inflamed tonsils, no cough

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19
Q

most common organism tonsillitis

A

strep pyogenes

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20
Q

mx tonsilitis

A

pen V (or clarithryomycin) for 7-10 days

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21
Q

complications tonsillitis

A

otitis media // quinsy // rheumatic fever // glomerulonephritis

22
Q

indications tonsillectomy

A

5 episodes a year // 10 in past 2 years // 9 in past 3 years // disabling // recurrent febrile convulsions // airway obstruction // unresponsive quinsy

23
Q

mx for all post-tonsillectomy bleeding

A

refer to ENT

24
Q

when does primary post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage occur + what mx

A

6-8 hours –> return to theatre

25
Q

when does secondary post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage occur + what is the problem

A

5-10 days // infection –> abx

26
Q

symptoms + signs quinsy

A

severe pain (unilateral) // uvula deviates to OTHER side // trismus // reduced neck mobility

27
Q

invx quinsy

A

ENT

28
Q

mx quinsy

A

needle aspiration/ drainage + IV abx // consider tonsillectomy

29
Q

what causes glandular fever

A

EBV (human herpes 4 - HHV4)

30
Q

triad glandular fever

A

sore throat + lymph + pyrexia

31
Q

other symptoms glandular fever

A

malaise, anorexia, headache // palate petechia // hepatitis

32
Q

invx glandular fever

A

LFT - raised ALT // atypical lymphocytes // haemolytic anaemia

33
Q

what can cause haemolytic aneamia glandular fever

A

cold agglutins (IgM)

34
Q

what abx is avoided in glandular fever

A

amoxicillin –> itchy rash

35
Q

diagnosis glandular fever

A

heterophil antibody test (monospot)

36
Q

mx glandular fever

A

supportive // avoid contact sports for 4 weeks to avoid splenic rupture

37
Q

what causes diptheria

A

gram +ive Corynebacterium diphtheriae –> exotoxin

38
Q

presentation diptheria

A

recent visit to eastern europe // sore throat + grey membrane at back of throat // large cervical lymph nodes // heart block

39
Q

invx diptheria

A

culture –> tellurite agar or loefflers media

40
Q

mx diptheria

A

IM penicillin // antitoxin

41
Q

what causes mumps

A

RNA paromyxovirus

42
Q

spread + incubation mumps

A

droplets, incubation 14-21 days, infective 7 days before + 9 days after parotid swelling

43
Q

symptoms mumps

A

fever, malaise, muscle pain, parotid swelling (unilateral –> bilateral), earache, pain on eating

44
Q

mx mumps

A

(prevention = MMR vaccine) // paracetamol // NOTIFIABLE disease

45
Q

complications mumps

A

orchitis // hearing loss // encephalitis // pancreatitis

46
Q

what is lemierres syndrome

A

infectious thrombophlebitis of internal jugula

47
Q

what usually causes Lemierre’s syndrome

A

bacterial throat –> peritonislar abscess

48
Q

organism Lemierre’s syndrome

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

49
Q

symptoms Fusobacterium necrophorum

A

sore throat –> neck pain, tenderness, stiffness + fever, rigor

50
Q

complication Fusobacterium necrophorum

A

septic PE

FINALS - ENT (9 decks)

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