Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Justin Lyle Cards > Neuro 6 > Flashcards

Neuro 6 Flashcards

1
Q

_________________ drugs do not cause Extra-pyramidal effects at clinically effective doses

A

“atypical” anti-psychotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the prototype “atypical” antipsychotic drug

A

clozapine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the prototype neuroleptic antipsychotic drug

A

thorazine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is psychosis

A
  1. denotes a variety of mental disorders 2. presence of delusions 3. various types of hallucinations 4. grossly disorganized thinking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

excessive ___________________ plays a role in psychosis

A

limbic dopaminergic activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the most common type of psychosis

A

schizophrenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the 2 clusters of behavior seen with schizophrenia

A

positive symptoms negative symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

positive symptoms of schizophrenia are defined as

A

something that is added to the situation, i.e. something that should not be there

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

delusions, hallucinations, reality distortions, bizzarre and agitated behavior are all ______________ symptoms seen with schizophrenia

A

positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

positive symptoms of schizophrenia are mediated by ___________ receptors

A

D2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what would define schizophrenic negative symptoms

A

lack of something that should be there

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

flat affect, emotional/social withdrawal are examples of _____________ symptoms with schizophrenia

A

negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what receptor mediates the negative symptoms seen with schizophrenia

A

5-HT receptor (esp the 5-HT2A)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

diminished ____________ or _____________ activity underlies the cognitive impairment and negative symptoms seen with schizophrenia

A

cortical; hippocampal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

_________-_________% of schizophrenics are drug resistant

A

20-25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

in general, anti-psychotic drugs tend to be _________________ antagonists

A

serotonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the MOA of clozapine

A

inverse agonist of the 5HT2A receptor and anatagonizes the D2 receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

which drug will treat the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A

clozapine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

clozapine has greater affinity for the ____________ receptor over the _________ receptor

A

5HT2A; D2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the normal fx of the 5HT2A receptor

A
  1. depolarizes glutamate neurons 2. stabilizes NMDA receptors on the post-synaptic neuron
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

clozapine main MOA is with the antagonism of serotonin and D2 receptors; however, if also has some blockade effects on __________, _________, and _________ receptors

A

alpha; muscarinic; H1

22
Q

clozapine is used in the tx of what d/o’s

A
  1. schizophrenia (positive and negative sx) 2. some benefits in tx agitation with alzheimers and parkinsons
23
Q

general absorption of anti-psychotics

A
  1. readily but not complete absorbed 2. significant first pass metabolism
24
Q

general distribution of anti-psychotics

A
  1. highly lipid soluble and protein bound 2. large Vd 3. longer clinical duration of action than indicated by their 1/2 life
25
Q

general metabolism of anti-psychotics

A
  1. almost completely metabolized to by oxidation or demethylation by CYP450 nz in the liver
26
Q

____________________ is an antipsychotic that may be excreted in the urine weeks after the last dose of chronically administered drug

A

chlorpromazine

27
Q

what is the only antipsychotic that has rapid and severe return of symptoms after discontinuation

A

clozapine

28
Q

what is the average time for schizophrenic sx return in pts who d/c their meds?

A

6 months (exception with clozapine)

29
Q

efficacy of anti-psychotics is driven by ___________ receptor blockade

A

D2

30
Q

adverse reactions of anti-psychotics are d/t antagonism at what receptors?

A
  1. alpha 2. Muscarinic 3. H1 4. 5-HT2
31
Q

MOA of typical (neuroleptic) anti-psychotics

A

act as D2 antagonists w/ primary action at the mesolimbic and mesocortical regions of the brain

32
Q

D2 receptor blockade in the __________________ and ______________ pathways mediate some of the side-effects of typical (neuroleptic) anti-psychotics

A

basal ganglia ; tuberoinfundibular

33
Q

MOA of atypical antipsychotics

A

mild D2 receptor antagonists combined with serotonin 5-HT2 receptor blockade (5HT2 > D2)

34
Q

atypical antipsychotics main MOA is on D2 and 5HT2, but they also have high affinity for _____________ & ______________ receptors

A

5-HT2c & D4

35
Q

Therapeutic uses of anti-psychotics

A
  1. tx of psychoses 2. tx of schizophrenia 3. mood stabilizers (atypical) 4. tourettes 5. ADD 6. antiemetics 7. intracatable hiccups
36
Q

in schizophrenia tx, _______________ anti-psychotics are only useful with positive sx; however, ___________________ fx in tx of both positive and negative sx

A

typical; atypical

37
Q

what are the general s/e of antipsychotics

A
  1. severe sedation 2. anti-cholinergic effects 3. parkinsonian like tremors 4. hyperlactinemia 5. Hypotension
38
Q

why do you get hyperlactinemia with antipsychotic meds

A

dopamine is the inhibitor of prolactin. The MOA of most antipsychotics fx as dopamine antagonists thus removing the inhibitory effect of dopamine on PRL

39
Q

MOA of chlorpromazine

A

blockade of D2 receptors&raquo_space; 5HT2A receptors

40
Q

clinical applications of chlorpromazine

A
  1. schizophrenia (alleviates positive sx) 2. bipolar disorder (manic phase) 3. anti-emesis 4. pruritus
41
Q

T/F: many anti-depressants are now FDA approved for things outside of depression

A

TRUE

42
Q

anti-depressants treat what?

A
  1. Psychologic depression: major depressive disorder & dysthymia 2. anxiety disorders (PTSD, OCD, Generalized anxiety d/o, panic d/o, phobias) 3. bipolar disorder (manic depressive dz) 4. chronic pain 5. premenstrual dysphoric disorder 6. smoking cessation 7. eating disorders
43
Q

________________ is unipolar, often totally disabling, interferes with work, sleep, and eating

A

major depressive disorder

44
Q

_____________ less severe the major depressive disorder, involves long term chronic sx that do not disable, but keep a person from functioning at their highest level

A

dysthymia

45
Q

__________________ is characterized by cycles of severe highs and gut wrenching lows, often develops into psychotic states

A

bipolar

46
Q

_____________________ increase the risk of suicide in pts under the age of 25

A

anti-depressants

47
Q

what meds can have discontinuation syndromes

A

SSRI SNRI TCA MAOI

48
Q

discontinuation syndrome sx with SSRI, SNRI, and TCAs?

A
  1. dizziness and paresthesias beginning 1-2 days after sudden d/c of drug 2. may persist for 1 wk or longer
49
Q

discontinuation syndrome with MAOIs

A

delirium like state with psychosis, excitement, and confusion

50
Q

(general) peak absorption of anti-depressants is at ____________ hours

A

3-Feb

Justin Lyle Cards (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions