ANSI Z136.3 - Lasers Used in Medicine and Surgery

Question 1

The thermal effect of laser radiation on tissue can be affected by what laser properties?

Answer 1

1. Wavelength
2. Power
3. Energy
4. Spot size of the incident beam

Question 2

Coagulation, sealing, or cauterizing with minimal necrosis that occurs at temperatures above ________.

Answer 2

45°C

Question 3

Vaporization for incising or excising that occurs at temperatures over ________ in tissue of _____________________.

Answer 3

Vaporization for incising or excising that occurs at temperatures over 100° C in tissue of high water or collagen content.

Question 4

The thermal effect of laser radiation on tissue can be affected by what tissue properties?

Answer 4

1. Volume of circulating blood in the target tissue
2. Specific heat of the tissue
3. Thermal conductivity of the tissue
4. Non-homogeneity of the issue
5. Transmission, reflection, and refraction or internal scattering losses of various tissues

Question 5

How is ionizing radiation produced during laser operation?

Answer 5

The coupling of very high-peak power and short duration (nano to femtosecond) pulses of laser radiation will ionize molecules in target tissue creating an acoustic shockwave.

Question 6

What is PDT?

Answer 6

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a process whereby a photonics device is used to activate a photosensitizer that localizes preferentially in metabolically active cells or microvasculature after being introduced into a patient with a treatable pathology (e.g., certain cancers, actinic keratosis, macular degeneration).

Question 7

What wavelengths is the excimer laser operated in?

Answer 7

193 nm
248 nm
308 nm
351 nm

Question 8

What specialties is the excimer laser operated in?

Answer 8

Angioplasty and ophthalmology for ablation
Dermatology for psoriasis and vitiligo

Question 9

Is the excimer laser pulsed or CW?

Answer 9

Pulsed

Question 10

What wavelengths is the krypton laser operated in?

Answer 10

521 nm
531 nm
568 nm
647 nm

Question 11

What specialties is the krypton laser operated in?

Answer 11

Ophthalmology

Question 12

Is the krypton laser pulsed or CW?

Answer 12

CW

Question 13

What wavelengths are argon or green diode lasers operated in?

Answer 13

457.9 nm to 532 nm

Question 14

What specialties are argon or green diode lasers operated in?

Answer 14

Superficial photocoagulation
Ophthalmology
Dermatology
Urology
Otorhinolaryngology (ENT)

Question 15

Are argon and green diode lasers pulsed or CW?

Answer 15

CW