Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Patient Management II > Pain Education > Flashcards

Pain Education Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal pain cycle

A
  • Pain
  • Pain experience
  • No fear
  • Confrontation
  • Recovery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the pain fear/avoidance cycle

A
  • Pain
  • Pain experience
  • Fear of pain
  • Avoidance of activity
  • Disuse/disability/depression
  • Pain experience
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Behavior yellow flags

A
  • extend bed rest
  • withdrawal from social life & daily life
  • compliance issues with therapy
  • report extremely high intensity of pain
  • excessive reliance on use of aids or appliances
  • problems sleeping
  • high intake of alcohol & medication
  • smoking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Compensation issues yellow flags

A
  • lack of financial incentive to return to work
  • history of claims due to other injuries or problems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Diagnosis and treatment yellow flags

A
  • health professional sanctioning disability
  • conflicting diagnoses
  • diagnostic language leading to fear
  • number of healthcare providers visited
  • expectation of a “techno fix”
  • lack of satisfaction with treatment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Work yellow flags

A
  • history of manual work
  • job dissatisfaction
  • problems with peers & supervisors
  • low educational background
  • low socioeconomic status
  • high physical demand
  • working shifts
  • negative experience of workplace management of pain or injury
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Emotions yellow flags

A
  • fear of increased pain with activity, work, or therapy
  • depression
  • irritability
  • anxiety
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Family yellow flags

A
  • overprotective spouse
  • punitive responses from spouse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What outcome measures would help identify patients who might benefit from pain education

A
  • Fear avoidance beliefs questionnaire (FABQ)
  • Pain catastrophizing scale (PCS)
  • Tampa scale of kinesiophobia (TSK)
  • Pain coping inventory (PCI)
  • Impaired beliefs from literature
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

True/False When a part of your body is injured, special pain receptors convey the message to your brain? Pain only occurs when you are injured? The timing and intensity of pain matches the timing and number of signals in nociceptors?

A
  • Fasle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Therapeutic neuroscience education

A
  • neurophysiology of pain
  • nociception and nociceptive pathways
  • neurons
  • synapses
  • action potential
  • spinal inhibition and facilitation
  • peripheral sensitization
  • plasticity of the nervous system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What not to include in patient pain education

A
  • NO reference to anatomical or pathoanatomical models
  • NO discussion of emotional aspect of pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What to include in each session of patient pain education

A
  • general goal of the session
  • patient section
  • image section - reinforce material
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Patient education on nerves

A
  • there are 45 miles of nerves in the body connecting all body parts
  • at all times nerves have electrical activity flowing through them
  • depending on many factors such as stress, movement, or temperature, the activity in nerves can go up or down
  • nerves have thresholds & when nerves get excited enough to reach the threshold a message will be sent to your brain for analysis
  • once the alarm is sounded and the messages goes to the brain, the alarm system should return to its resting state
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Patient education on nociception & nociceptive pathways

A
  • in one in four people the alarm system gets activated for the threat but then rests slightly below the firing level versus returning to its normal resting level
  • the nerve is extra sensitive
  • tissues heal & the longer pain persists, we know it is likely due to extra sensitive nerves in the area
  • Prescriptions: membrane stabilizers & anti-depressants are designed to calm the nervous system
  • calming the nervous system down requires education, blood flow, oxygen, and medication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How to know the nerves are extra sensitive

A
  • nerve conduction will be normal
  • all medical tests will be normal
  • all red flags are ruled out
  • the physical examination performed today - hypersensitivity
17
Q

Patient education on peripheral sensitization

A
  • many different types of sensors have been identified including temp., stress, movement, immunity, & blood lfow
  • knowing more about your nerve sensors can help you understand your pain
  • Stress sensors: sensors in nerves are sensitive to stress chemicals flowing in your body, the more stress chemical in your body the more you will experience aches & pains
  • Blood flow: when blood flow slows down, these sensors wake up
  • Movement: movement after an injury can cause more of these sensors to be activated
  • Immunity: immune chemicals can make you ache
18
Q

True/False Nerves have to connect a body part to your brain in order for that part to be in pain

A
  • False
19
Q

True/False In chronic pain the central nervous system becomes more sensitive to nociception

A
  • True
20
Q

Patient education on pain as an output

A
  • not all injuries cause pain
  • many people have pain without injury & all medical tests come back negative
  • tissues do not have to be injured to cause pain
  • the brain evaluates all threats and may try to defend against them by causing pain
21
Q

Patient education on central sensitization

A
  • the areas where you have pain have extra sensitive nerves, they pass info onto the spinal cord & brain to process the info & take action
  • when pain is present the brain analyzes incoming messages of danger closely
  • therefore the danger message for your already overactive nerves are amplified when they reach the brain
22
Q

Patient education on somatosensory cortex

A
  • when you stop using a body part or it is affected by pain, the area in the brain that tells you about where the part is in space & if you are using it gets fuzzy or distorted
  • regular use of a body part is essential to keeping the body maps focused
  • as long as the brain is confused the more pain is produced
  • gentle repetitive movement is essential in defining body parts
  • when movement is not possible, visualization or mirror therapy can be used

Patient Management II (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions