C5 Flashcards
Music in 1950s
Rock and rolls music for teenagers instead of listening to parents
Elvis Presley was first rock and roll star to influence the younger in their attitude to authority and appearances . He shattered the calm of the 1950s with his energetic dancing and upfront sexuality
Broadway became popular with musicals like Oklahoma being turned into a film in 1955
Music in the 1960s
Beatles, Rolling Stones and other British groups
Protest songs e,g bob dylan became popular e.g about the Vietnam war
Rock music became popular with bands like The Doors
Music in 1970s and 1980s underwent many changes
In 1970s disco performers like Donna summer popular
Disco was a reaction to the domination of rock and roll and became popular amongst woman as it was dance music
Heavy metal music became popular with bands like iron maiden , style of music was aggressive and masculine
Influential solo artists became popular because they focused on the struggles of ordinary people like working class
Development of rap and hip hop which developed from disco in the last 20 years of century , product of inner city problems . Pop music developed with famous artists like Michael Jackson and Madonna
1990s
Mix of contrasts
Grunge dominated the youth scene with bands like NIvaarna which symbolised rejection of society’s norms
Rap and R and B developed from black American origins
Why did the cinema lose some of its popularity
Lost after 1950s because there was a rise in television ownership
Development of technology in the cinema since 1950
Drive in cinemas in the 1950s and 1960s because of increased car ownership , criticised as passion pits
Video recorders appeared in 1980s and encouraged hire of films, dvd’s in late 1990s
Content of films in cinemas
Anti heroes emerged in 1950s as young people looked at Hollywood for rebellious anti heroes like James dean and Marilyn monroe huge stars who were idolised
1950s and 1960s Marilyn monroe
After 1970s blockbuster films became popular like jaws in 1975 and Star Wars in 1977
In 1980s. Method actors like tom cruise and Harrison Ford became popular
1990s high paid movie stars who attracted a cult became common feature like Julia roberts
Technological developments with special effects and advanced digital imagery led to attraction of films like ghostbusters in 1984
Influence of television
Important feature in American society
Number of televisions increased from 7,000 in 1946 to 50 million in 1960 and by 1970 96 per cent of us households had at least 1 television
TV personalities became household names like I love Lucy which was a popular comedy
1950s and 1960s western genre became popular like the Lone Ranger and bonanza especially series programmes
By 1980s soap operas had taken central stage like Beverly Hills and falls
Chat shows attracted large audiences like the Oprah Winfrey show 1986-2011
Developments on information technology
Technological advances = massive growth in the sale and use of personal computers
1975 —. Bill gates set up Microsoft and in 1985 he launched Microsoft Windows
In 1976 Steve jobs set up apple computer inc and launched macintosh computer
Late 1990s saw the growth and development of the internet
Since 198-s computer generated games appealed to younger generation in 1980s Sony PlayStation and Nintendo and in 2001 was Xbox Microsoft
Recent developments like email, social networking and text based forums which transform us society
Changes in literature
Quest for “great American novel led to publication of popular books
To kill a mockingbird by harper lee in 1960 focused on issues of racial inequality and rape
Catcher in the rye commented on madness of American society especially teenagers
Major theme in development of American literature in years after war was counterculture which challenged the traditional conservatism of American society
Bettie Friedan’s the feminine mystique in 1963 hallenged the traditional role of women in American society
African Americans focused on racial equality like invisible man which hoighlight racial tension in north
Beat generation was a group of novelists who rebelled against conservative values like on the road 1957
America’s youth culture in 1950s (distinct and one of greatest social changes )
Emergence of the teenager and the teenage rebellion
Teenagers in 1950s had much more money and free time
Wanted to rebel against what parents believed
Some rebellious teens wore distinctive clothing, formed gangs, cruised in cars , drank heavily, attacked property
Beatniks -those who dropped out of conventional society
Influenced by the youth films of the 1950s such as Rebel Without A Cause which was made by the cult hero James DEan who played a young man that rebelled against his parents and got caught by the police
Stars like elvis presley became heroes to youth culture and many parents disliked his energetic dancing and upfront sexuality
Youth culture
1950s
Emergence of teenager with affluent society
People had more money
The beat movement : emphasised spiritual freedom through sex, drugs and Zen religion
Rock and roll: elvis Presley and little Richard became heroes of youth culture
American youth became more promiscuous and rebellious. Juvenile delinquency increased and older generation were shocked by the behaviour of younger people
Writers questioned the values of suburbia like the catcher in the the
1960s
Many young people rejected their parents’ lifestyles and values and emergence of the hippy movement where they rejected their parents’ values and opposed Vietnam War , racism and safe route to a decent job
Some young people dropped out of society and became hippies-wore ethnic style clothing , grew long hair , took drugs like marijuana and LSD recreationally , followed mystical religions and engaged in free love
Hippies opposed Vietnam war and wore flowers in their hair as a symbol of peace and made slogans like “male love, not war
Settled in communes and San Francisco became hippy capital
1970s
Famous student protest at Kent university in Ohio and were against president Nixon’s decision to bomb Cambodia. National Guardsmen called to disperse but tear gas used and shots fired with 4 killed and 11 injured
1980s and 1990s
Grunge movement symbolised rejection of parental values
Youth influenced by growth of technology and internet
Online networking computer games and advertising influence youth culture and fashion gang cultures increased in deprived areas
Student protest and its impact
Influence of protest singers in 1960s like bob dylan who sang about sex, drugs and opposition to war in Vietnam
Influence of the swinging sixties- students wanted greater freedom in everything e.g music, clothes, social life
Campaign for civil right - many students both colours took part in freedom marches, rides and sit in protests in the early 1960s
SDS- first student protest group, students for a democratic society set up in 1959 and increased in number who wanted a say in how courses and universities should be run
Anti war protests - against draft system which called them up to fight in the war against Vietnam
Reached peak during 1968 and 70, in 1969 700,000 people marched in Washington DC AGAINST WAR WITH STUDENTS BYRNIGN DRAFT CARDS AND US FLAGS
Protests at Kent university in may 1970 resulted in national guardsmen shooting dead 4 student protestors
What the impact of the Second World War on the changing role of women
Increased employment opportunities for women : 6 million entered traditional made jobs in factories as machinists and toolmakers
300,000 joined armed forces
After war majority gave up their wartime jobs and returned to role as mothers or housewives or traditional female jobs in teaching, nursing and secretarial work
In 1942 us government made a poster featuring Rosie the riveter to encourage women to contribute to the war effort
Role of women in 1950s
Media exerted influence on women to adopt to traditional role family
Boredom with domestic routine and increased freedom because of labour saving devices which encouraged women to seek paid employment but very limited career choice but only in stereotyped conditions
Growth of feminist movement in the 1960s and 1970s
1950 women made up 29 per cent of workforce by 1960 it was 50 per cent
Government report published in 1963 stated that women only earned 50-60 per cent the wage of men . 95% of company managers were only men and 7 per cent of all doctors and 4 per cent of lawyers were women
In 1963 Betty Friedan published the feminine mystique which ridiculed common belief that women were only suited to low paid jobs and wanted progress in female employment opportunities . Women should have political, social and economic rights equal and that they were only suited for low paid jobs and that success could only be measured as mothers
1966 Friedan and others set up National Organisation for Women which demanded equal rights for women and challenged discrimination in courts by early 1970s had 40,000 members. Demanded amendment to constitution that women should be able to have control over their reproductive lives
Women’s Liberation Movement was more radical and more active in challenging discrimination
Attracted publicity by women burning their bras and in 1965 they picked America’s beauty contest
Changes in law helped to secure more equality
E,.g civil rights act in 1964banned discrimination due to gender
Mid 1970s law passed that women had equal treatment in employment and admission to higher education , equal pay and access to credit
In 1973 abortion was legalised so women had more freedom of choice
