Session 2

Question 1

What are the different classifications of pathogens?

Answer 1

Virus
Bacterium
Fungus (Yeast, Mould)
Parasite (Protozoa, Helminth)

Question 2

Give an example of a virus

Answer 2

Herpes
HIV
CMV

Question 3

Give an example of a bacterium

Answer 3

Gram -ive = E. Coli

Gram +ive = Staphylococcus Aures

Question 4

What is the difference between Yeast and Mould?

Answer 4

Yeast - Unicellular

Mould - Multicellular

Question 5

Why are Eukaryotic pathogens harder to treat?

Answer 5

Because their cell structure is similar to ours.

Question 6

What are the patient factors relating to the person?

Answer 6

Age
Gender
Physiological state
Pathological state
Social factors

Question 7

What are the patient factors relating to the Time?

Answer 7

Calender time - Seasons

Relative time - Where they have recently been

Question 8

What are the patient factors relating to Place?

Answer 8

Current place
Recent place
Can have Micro-geographies

Question 9

What are the mechanisms of infection?

Answer 9

Contiguous spread
Inoculation
Haematogenous
Ingestion
Inhalation
Vector
Vertical transmission

Question 10

What is Haematogenous?

Answer 10

Blood bourne transmission eg HIV

Question 11

What is vertical transmission?

Answer 11

Between mother and foetus eg Rubella

Question 12

What are the 2 types of treatment?

Answer 12

Supportive & Specific

Question 13

What is supportive treatment?

Answer 13

Symptom relief

Question 14

What is specific treatment?

Answer 14

Targets and treats the infection

Question 15

What are the 2 main forms of specific treatment?

Answer 15

Surgery (Drainage, Dead space removal, Debridement)

Antimicrobials

Question 16

What is sometimes used to treat drug resistant TB?

Answer 16

Dead space removal

Question 17

What is correlated to increased chance of death?

Answer 17

The longer it takes to treat

Question 18

When is supportive treatment used immediately?

Answer 18

Cases where the symptoms are life threatening eg septic shock