Syncope Flashcards
1
Q
what is syncope?
A
transient loss of consciousness due to global cerebral hypoperfusion with rapid onset, short duration and spontaneous complete recovery
2
Q
what are the types of reflex syncope?
A
- vasovagal
- situational
- carotid sinus syncope
3
Q
what is vasovagal episode?
A
‘fainting’
triggered by emotion, pain or stress
4
Q
what causes situational syncope?
A
- cough
- micturition
- gastrointestinal
5
Q
what are the causes of orthostatic syncope?
A
- primary autonomic failure
- secondary autonomic failure
- drug-induced
- volume depletion
6
Q
what are the causes of primary autonomic failure?
A
- parkinson’s disease
- lewy body dementia
7
Q
what are the causes of secondary autonomic failure?
A
- diabetic neuropathy
- amyloidosis
- uraemia
8
Q
what are the causes of cardiac syncope?
A
- arrhythmias
- structural
- others - e.g. PE
9
Q
what is the definition of postural hypotension?
A
symptomatic fall in:
* systolic BP > 20mmHg
OR
* diastolic BP > 10mmHg
OR
* sytolic BP < 90mmHg
10
Q
how is the cause of syncope assessed?
A
- cardio exam
- BP
- ECG
- carotid sinus massage
- tilt table test
- 24 hour ECG
