Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Self Care > Allergic Rhinitis > Flashcards

Allergic Rhinitis Flashcards

1
Q

Define: Allergies

A

an inflammatory, IgE-mediated disease characterized by nasal congestion, rhinorrhea (nasal drainage), sneezing, and/or nasal itching caused by allergens (pollen, dust, mold, flakes, skin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define: Types of Allergies

A

seasonal, perennial, episodic environmental and indoor vs outdoor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Classification: Intermittent Allergies

A

<4 days/week or <4 consecutive weeks with mild or moderate-severe symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Classification: Persistent Allergies

A

> = 4 days/week or >= 4 consecutive weeks with mild or moderate-severe symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Classification: Mild symptoms

A

-normal sleep
-no impairment of daily activities
-no bothersome symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Classification: Moderate-severe symptoms

A

-abnormal sleep
-impairment of daily activities
-bothersome symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the risk factors for allergies?

A

family history, asthma, atopic dermatitis/eczema, higher socioeconomic class

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the protective factors for asthma?

A

multiple older siblings and growing up in a farming enviroment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Signs/Symptoms: Allergies

A

-red, itchy, watery eyes
-sneezing, congestion, runny nose
-itchy/sore throat, cough
-fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Consequences: Allergies

A

-acute = sinusitis, otitis media with effusion
-chronic= nasal polyps, sleep apnea, hyposomnia
-impaired quality of life and possible need for tubes or tonsils removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the pharmacological treatment options for allergies?

A

intranasal corticosteroids, antihistamines, leukotriene receptor antagonist, decongestants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the pharmacological treatment suggestion for mild symtoms?

A

intranasal corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the pharmacological treatment suggestion for moderate-severe symptoms?

A

intranasal corticosteroids with or without antihistamine may need referred for allergy testing or immunotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the pharmacological treatment suggestion for congestion symptoms?

A

intranasal or oral decongestant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Who is excluded from Self-Care?

A

-children <12 years old
-pregnant/lactating women
-symptoms of infection
-undiagnosed/uncontrolled asthma/COPD
-uncontrolled symptoms after 2-4 weeks of therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

MOA: Intranasal steroids

A

reduction of inflammatory mediators and cytokine release

17
Q

Indication: Intranasal steroids

A

congestion, sneezing, and itching

18
Q

Side Effects: Intranasal steroids

A

-burning, itching, stinging
-epistaxis
-headache
-aftertaste/smell

19
Q

Describe: Mometasone (Nasonex)

A

intranasal steroid
-indication= allergic rhinitis (seasonal and perennial), nasal congestion, nasal polyps, seasonal allergic rhinitis (prophylaxis)
-dose= 100mcg (2 sprays) in each nostril once a day
-adverse effects= viral infection, headache, blood in nasal mucosa, epistaxis

20
Q

Counseling Points: Intranasal steroids

A

-tilt head forward and point tip of bottle towards ear
-may take 36 hours to see effect
-better result if taken continuously
-may start several days before pollen season if taking for seasonal allergic rhinitis
-no systemic symptoms

21
Q

MOA: Antihistamines

A

block the action of histamine at the H1 receptor

22
Q

Indication: Antihistamines

A

sneezing or itching

23
Q

Side Effects: Antihistamines

A

-anticholinergic (anti-SLUDGE)
-CNS effects= confusion or drowsiness

24
Q

Describe: Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

A

antihistamine
-indication= relief of allergic symptoms, anaphylaxis, and insomnia
-dose= 25-50 mg every 4-6 hours
-contraindications= <6 years old and not recommended to take with nasal steroids

25
Q

Describe: Cetirizine (Zyrtec)

A

antihistamine
-indication= allergic rhinitis
-dose= 10mg once a day

26
Q

Describe: Olopatadine (Patanol/Patanase)

A

antihistamine
-indication= seasonal allergic rhinitis
-dose= 2 sprays in each nostril twice a day

27
Q

Counseling points: Antihistamines

A

-tolerance may develop if taken for several months
-can be taken daily or as needed due to their quick onset of action, but maximal benefit seen if taken continuously
-intranasal agent have better efficacy
-do not take Allegra with fruit juice

28
Q

MOA: Decongestants

A

vasoconstriction of the mucosa and relaxation of the bronchial

29
Q

Side Effects: Decongestants

A

-insomnia, nervousness
-headache, dry mouth
-increased blood pressure and heart rate

30
Q

Counseling Points: Decongestants

A

nasal sprays are associated with rebound congestion

31
Q

Describe: loratadine 5mg/pseudoephedrine 120mg (Claritin D)

A

decongestant
-indication= cold, allergy symptoms
-dose= 1 tablet every 12 hours
-contraindications= MAOi’s

32
Q

Describe: Leukotriene receptor antagonist

A

montelukast= prescription only
-MOA= inhibit cysteinyl leukotriene receptors
-SE= headache, and black box warning of neuropsychiatric events
-counseling points= limited benefit as a monotherapy, expensive, and inferior to nasal steroids

Self Care (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions