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COMAT - Family Med > Breast/GU > Flashcards

Breast/GU Flashcards

1
Q

What increases women’s risk for breast cancer?

A
  • Increased estrogen exposure
  • Age
  • FH
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2
Q

If a patient is older than ____, what test should be done to rule out breast cancer?

A

> 30 –> Mammogram

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3
Q

If a patient is younger than ____, what test should be done to rule out breast cancer?

A

Ultrasound

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4
Q

If a patient has FH of, or a known BRCA mutation, what breast cancer imaging should be done?

A

MRI

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5
Q

What findings on mammogram point towards breast cancer? (3)

A
  • Micro-calcifications
  • Irregular borders
  • Spiculations
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6
Q

What are some signs of possible breast cancer?

A

Hard, fixed mass with ill defined margins
- overlying skin/nipple changes
- axillary LAD
- nipple discharge

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7
Q

What are some signs of possible breast cancer?

A

Hard, fixed mass with ill defined margins
- overlying skin/nipple changes
- axillary LAD
- nipple discharge

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8
Q

What is a Phyllodes tumor?

A

Similar to a Fibroadenoma that more often presents in older women and has the potential to turn malignant

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9
Q

What will be seen on biopsy of a Phyllodes tumor?

A

Leaf-like projections

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10
Q

Describe how a Fibroadenoma will present?

A

Younger women with a mobile, well circumscribed mass

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11
Q

If a younger woman presents with a mobile and well circumscribed mass, it is likely a?

A

Fibroadenoma

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12
Q

What is unique about Fibroadenomas?

A

Estrogen sensitive
– may grow with pregnancy

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13
Q

What benign condition can present with bloody nipple discharge in a young woman?

A

Intraductal papilloma

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14
Q

What is mammary duct ectasia?

A

Dilation of subareolar ducts

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15
Q

How will mammary duct ectasia present?

A

Older women with green/brown nipple discharge

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16
Q

What benign condition presents similarly to breast cancer and even looks similar on mammogram?

A

Breast Fat Necrosis

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17
Q

What are the symptoms/mammogram signs of breast Fat Necrosis?

A

Painful hard mass
- Mammogram shows calcifications like breast cancer

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18
Q

In order to differentiate fat necrosis from breast cancer, a ____ is needed. What will that show?

A

Biopsy
= coarse calcifications, fat globules, foamy macrophages

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19
Q

Periductal Mastitis is commonly seen in patients with what 2 conditions?

A

Smoking
Vitamin A deficiency

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20
Q

In what patients is Acute Mastitis common and what is the pathogen?

A

Breastfeeding patients
- Staph. Aureus

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21
Q

How will Acute Mastitis present?

A
  • Flu-like sx
  • Red breast
  • Purulent discharge
  • +/- mass (abscess)
22
Q

What is the treatment for Acute Mastitis?

A

Continued breast feeding and antibiotics

23
Q

If you are suspicious of breast cancer, what is the diagnostic workup?

A

Mammogram
- Core/excisional biopsy

24
Q

If you are suspicious of breast cancer, what is the diagnostic workup?

A

Mammogram
- Core/excisional biopsy

25
Q

If you are NOT suspicious of breast cancer, what is the diagnostic workup?

A

Ultrasound
- Fine Needle Aspiration

26
Q

If you are NOT suspicious of breast cancer, what is the diagnostic workup?

A

Ultrasound
- Fine Needle Aspiration

27
Q

What pathogen often causes Acute Bacterial Prostatitis?

A

E. Coli

28
Q

How will Acute Bacterial Prostatitis present?

A
  • Flu-like illness
  • Urinary frequency/urgency
  • Dysuria and pelvic pain
29
Q

What will be found on DRE with Acute Bacterial Prostatitis?

A

Swollen and TENDER prostate

30
Q

What is Adenomyosis?

A

Endometrial tissue invades the myometrium of the uterus

31
Q

How will Adenomyosis present?

A

New onset heavy and painful periods in older women

32
Q

How will the uterus feel with Adenomyosis?

A

Symmetrically enlarged and boggy

33
Q

What are uterine leiomyomas?

A

Fibroids = smooth muscle tumors

34
Q

Uterine Leiomyomas can be asymptomatic or present how?

A

Heavy menses
- pelvic pressure
- constipation
- OB issues

35
Q

Uterine Leiomyomas can be asymptomatic or present how?

A

Heavy menses
- pelvic pressure
- constipation
- OB issues

36
Q

How will the uterus feel with Leiomyomas?

A

Irregularly enlarged uterus

37
Q

What occurs to Uterine Leiomyomas following menopause?

A

Should shrink and become ASYMPTOMATIC

38
Q

What is Endometriosis?

A

Ectopic implants of endometrial tissue in the pelvis/abdomen

39
Q

Common symptoms of Endometriosis?

A

Pelvic pain with sex and at rest
Infertility

40
Q

What mass can present with Endometriosis?

A

Endometrioma (chocolate cyst)

41
Q

Endometrial cancer is a common cause of?

A

Post-menopausal bleeding

42
Q

Hormone replacement therapy is often indicated for women with what symptoms?

A

Vasomotor symptoms

43
Q

If a patient has recently given birth and is still breast feeding, what contraception method should NOT be used?

A

Estrogen containing OCPs

44
Q

Why should Estrogen containing OCPs be avoided soon after pregnancy/breastfeeding?

A
  • DVT risk
  • Bad with breastfeeding
45
Q

What is a contraindication for using a non-hormonal IUD, such as Copper, for contraception?

A

History of heavy periods because it can make them worse

46
Q

What type of contraceptive method is best if still breastfeeding?

A

Progestin only pill or implant
– (implant is more effective)

47
Q

Complete abortion

A

Full passage of fetal tissue + closed cervix

48
Q

Incomplete abortion

A

Partial passage of fetal tissue + open cervix

49
Q

Inevitable abortion

A

Vaginal bleeding + open cervix

50
Q

Threatened abortion

A

Vaginal bleeding + closed cervix

COMAT - Family Med (7 decks)

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