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UTS > Philosophical Perspective > Flashcards

Philosophical Perspective Flashcards

1
Q

“Know thyself.”

A

Socrates

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2
Q

“An unexamined life is not worth living.”

A

Socrates

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3
Q

“Each person has an immortal soul.”

A

Aristotle and St. Augustine

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4
Q

“The body is the source of endless trouble.”

A

Plato

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5
Q

“The soul is superior to the body.”

A

St. Augustine

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6
Q

“The self is a thinking thing.”

A

Rene Descartes

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7
Q

“The self exist because of memory.”

A

John Locke

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8
Q

“There is no self, only a bundle of different perceptions.”

A

David Hume

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9
Q

“The self transcends experiences.”

A

Immanuel Kant

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10
Q

“The self is multi-layered.”

A

Sigmund Freud

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11
Q

“The self is the way people behave.”

A

Gilbert Ryle

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12
Q

“The self is the brain.”

A

Paul Churchland

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13
Q

“The self is embodied subjectivity.”

A

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

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14
Q

During this period, perspectives on understanding the self suggest that all reality should be questioned, and that people construct meanings into their lives.

A

Post-modern period

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15
Q

He believed that the self is the soul.

A

Socrates

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16
Q

For him, it is distinct to man and it is God-given.

A

Plato

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17
Q

What are the three parts of the soul?

A

Reason
Physical appetite
Spirit or passion

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18
Q

The divine essence that enables us to think deeply, make wise choices, and achieve a true understanding of eternal truths.

A

Reason

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19
Q

It includes our basic instinctual needs including hunger, thirst, and sexual desire.

A

Physical appetite

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20
Q

It includes basic emotions such as love, anger, ambition, aggressiveness, and empathy.

A

Spirit or passion

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21
Q

To him, knowledge existed in the soul prior to any actual experience.

A

Plato

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22
Q

He is considered to be the first person to put into writing an explanation pertaining to behavior of man.

A

Aristotle

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23
Q

Function that deals with the basic maintenance of life.

A

Vegetative

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24
Q

Function that focuses on the desires and motives.

A

Appetitive

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25
Q

It governs reason that is located in the heart.

A

Rational

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26
Q

3 functions of soul according to Aristotle

A

Vegetative
Appetitive
Rational

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27
Q

For him, the brain is simply a gland that can only perform basic functions.

A

Aristotle

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28
Q

For him, the rational makes us different from other living creatures.

A

Aristotle

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29
Q

Four concepts which give way to understand any being/4 causes:

A

Material Cause
Formal Cause
Efficient Cause
Final Cause

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30
Q

According to him, the soul is the “spouse” of the body; united and attached to one another.

A

St. Augustine

31
Q

He is considered as the father of modern philosophy.

A

Rene Descartes

32
Q

Cogito ergo sum – “I think therefore I am” is the keystone of his concept of self.

A

Rene Descartes

33
Q

For him, the act of thinking about the self or of being self-conscious is in itself a solid basis that there is self that exists.

A

Rene Descartes

34
Q

Indicates that the mind and body interact.

A

Reflex action

35
Q

The mind is the spiritual entity – the _______ and the body is the physical or material entity – the _______

A

thinking self
physical self

36
Q

Material substances which could move very quickly, like sparks shooting off from a flame.

A

Animal spirits

37
Q

He is also well-known for his term “Tabula Rasa” or a blank slate of which at birth, the mind is just a blank sheet that collects its contents through experiences that a person will go through in his/ her entire life

A

John Locke

38
Q

Or a blank slate

A

Tabula Rasa

39
Q

In his analysis, he wrote that all ideas came from experience.

A

John Locke

40
Q

The school of thought that espouses the idea that knowledge can only be possible if it is sensed and experienced

A

Empiricism

41
Q

These are basic sensations that include hate, love, joy, grief, pain, cold, and heat that are so strong and lively. They are the core of our thoughts.

A

Impressions

42
Q

Thoughts and images from impressions that are less lively and vivid.

A

Ideas

43
Q

The _____ is the totality of a person’s consciousness.

A

Self

44
Q

According to Kant, we, human beings, have the faculty called _______.

A

Rational will

45
Q

The capacity to act according to principles that we determine ourselves

A

Rational will

46
Q

Word that means inherent mental capacity.

A

Faculty

47
Q

He opposed the concept of Locke that the mind is a blank slate, rather, according to him, it is capable of acquiring knowledge through sensory experience.

A

Immanuel Kant

48
Q

_______ consists of the mental faculty to construct ideas and thoughts that are beyond our immediate surroundings.

A

Rationality

49
Q

According to him, humans can act according to reasons while animals act according to their impulses.

A

Immanuel Kant

50
Q

He referred to the self an entity no one can locate and analyze.

A

Gilbert Ryle

51
Q

According to Gilbert Ryle, the ________ is the totality of the human person, the way we behave, our system of thoughts, and our emotions

A

Human mind

52
Q

Merleau-Ponty said that the _____ and _____ are intertwined that they cannot be separated from one another.

A

Mind and body

53
Q

Which of pair of philosophers have conflicting concept about knowledge? One said that knowledge existed even before the actual experience, while the other one argued that knowledge is acquired through experience.

A

Plato and Locke

54
Q

Who said that “there is no self, only physical body”?

A

David Hume

55
Q

Who among the following thinkers is a known phenomenologist?

A

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

56
Q

He defined the self simply as bodily behaviors.

A

Gilbert Ryle

57
Q

“The self is a unifying subject, an organizing consciousness.”

A

Immanuel Kant

58
Q

“Every being has an apparent end or goal.”

A

Aristotle

59
Q

WHO:

Series of experience

A

David Hume

60
Q

Who said that “Once the body dies, the soul survives beyond death.”

A

Socrates

61
Q

WHO:

Death is final

A

David Hume

62
Q

Personal identity is made possible by self-consciousness.

A

John Locke

63
Q

WHO:

Self is physical body.

A

John Locke

64
Q

WHO:

The self is a thinking self separate from the body.

A

Rene Descartes

65
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

The substance, for Locke is a physical body.

A

TRUE

66
Q

This philosopher believes that the mind and body cannot be separated from one another.

A

Ponty

67
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

For Hume, death is final.

A

TRUE

68
Q

Rene Descartes said that our mind and thought are true identity and he called it _____.

A

Soul

69
Q

Philosophy is the study of ______.

A

General and fundamental problems.

70
Q

He doubted the basic idea of individual character and says that there is no lasting self.

A

Hume

71
Q

He believes that the mind could reflect upon itself.

A

Locke

72
Q

In the three parts of the soul, this is dependent on the mind and heart.

A

Spirit or passion

73
Q

A philosopher who believes in that one can know only what comes from the series of experience.

A

David Hume

UTS (12 decks)

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