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Electrotherapy > Cryotherapy > Flashcards

Cryotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

In cryotherapy, heat transfer occurs through which mode

A

Conduction

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2
Q

Cryo is a Greek word meaning

A

Cold

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3
Q

What is cryotherapy

A

The practice of using cold for therapeutic purposes

The use of superficial cryo- agents and to lower soft tissue temperature and reduce swelling

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4
Q

What is Cryo- kinetics

A

Therapeutic application of cold combined with exercise

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5
Q

Cryotherapy is also known as

A

Ice application 

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6
Q

Cryotherapy cools the surface by:

A

Withdrawing heat and NOT by adding cold

(2nd law of thermodynamics)

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7
Q

Cryotherapy’s worldwide usage and spread is due to its

A

Effectiveness, convenience, easy application, and low cost

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8
Q

Cold therapy can be administered in 3 physical states of matter

A

Gaseous (spray)
Liquid (cold bath)
Solid (ice pack or ice cubes)

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9
Q

Almost all cryo-agents transfer heat through conduction except

A

Vapocoolant spray

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10
Q

Thermoconductivity of fat, skin, muscle

A

Fat K=0.45
Skin K=0.21
Muscle K=0.42

Subject to change according to environment

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11
Q

Ice is believed to control pain by:

A

-Promoting local anesthesia
- decreases edema
- Decreases nerve conduction velocities
- decreases cellular metabolism
- Decreases local blood flow

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12
Q

Ice is believed to control pain by

A

Promoting local anesthesia by:

Decreasing edema, nerve conduction velocity‘s, cellular metabolism, and local blood flow which promotes pain relief

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13
Q

The effect of cryotherapy depends on:

A

The method
the duration
temperature of the ice
depth of a subcutaneous fat

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14
Q

Methods of application for cryotherapy

A
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15
Q

Where is ice massage applied to

A

Small body area

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16
Q

Purpose of ice massage

A

Facilitate muscle activity

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17
Q

Ice massage treatment time

A

5-10 minutes until area is numb

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18
Q

What is being applied in ice massage

A

Ice lollipop
Ice cube wrapped in a towel

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19
Q

Ice massage is applied in ______________ motion

A

Circular

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20
Q

Structure of the ice pack

A

Semi-gel substance (silica usually) on the inside covered by a durable plastic layer

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21
Q

How is the ice pack applied

A

Directly to the skin wrapped with a wet towel

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22
Q

average treatment time for ice pack

A

10-20 minutes

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23
Q

Not advisable to place ice pack UNDER the treated area. Why?

A

Excessive cooling and local ischemia

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24
Q

Describe the rate of cooling for ice packs

A

The rate of initial cooling is rapid but decreases as a film of water forms between the pack and the skin

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25
Q

Why is there a damp towel placed between the skin and the ice pack

A

Ensure that the contact temperature remains at about zero Celsius

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26
Q

What are ice baths applied for

A

Extremities

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27
Q

What are ice baths

A

Immersion in water that contains ice cubes

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28
Q

Therapeutic temperature of ice baths

A

10 to 15°C

29
Q

Treatment time of ice baths

A

15 to 20 minutes

30
Q

What are ice towels applied for

A

Large body areas to lower the temperature

31
Q

What are ice towels

A

Towels that are placed into flaked ice and water and then applied on the area

32
Q

Treatment time for ice towels and replacement time

A

Applied for around 20 minutes and replaced every 2 to 3 minutes as it warms up rapidly

33
Q

Disadvantage of ice towels

A

Warms up rapidly

34
Q

Advantage of ice towels

A

Good for irregular shape
Patient can perform exercises while the treatment is on

35
Q

Evaporating sprays offer what kind of cooling

A

Superficial, very rapid cooling through evaporation

36
Q

True or false
There is no temperature change below the epidermis when using the evaporating sprays

A

True

37
Q

When are Evaporating sprays are effective

A

Myofascial pain

38
Q

How is the area sprayed using evaporating sprays

A

Area is sprayed in short strokes of five seconds, with few seconds in between

The nozzle is usually held 45 cm from the skin in a right angle

39
Q

Physiological effects of cooling

A
40
Q

What are the cooling effects

A
41
Q

How does cooling affect Cell activity

A

Slow down chemical processes and enzymatic activity
Decreased metabolic rate
Decreased oxygen demand
Limit cell death due to hypoxia

42
Q

How does cooling affect blood flow

A

-Immediate vasoconstriction to prevent heat loss
-Reduce water leaks into interstitial space
-Aggregation of platelets & red blood cells; formation of occlusion masses
-simulation of thermal receptors
- Change in activity of precapillary sphincter’s

43
Q

How does cooling effect collagen

A

Becomes stiffer

44
Q

True or false
Cryotherapy is better than heat therapy if you want to increase collagen extensibility

A

False

The opposite

45
Q

How does cooling effect neurological changes

A

Muscle spindle sensitivity drops as a result of decreasing firing rate

Inhibition in the excitatory stimuli in the Anterior horn in spinal cord

Immediate and temporary increase in muscle tone due to the excitation of motor neurons

46
Q

In case of muscle spasticity, ice cubes are used before exercise to

A

Decrease hypertonicity that with movement may cause fracture

47
Q

How does cooling cause pain relief

A

Increases pain threshold

Stimulates alpha – Delta fibers to reduce the number and velocity of nerve impulses

Release of endorphine and encephalis 

48
Q

How does cooling affect muscle performance

A

Break pain/spasm cycle

Reduced pain leads to increased ROM

Reduction in metabolism rate

Improvement in performance after one hour of applying ice

49
Q

What is pain/spasm cycle

A
50
Q

How does cooling reduce muscle spasticity

A

Decrease activity of deep tendon reflex

Diminished gamma motor neuron activity and reduce muscle spindle discharge thus reducing spasticity

Reduce clonus

Ice cube stroking enhance motor unit activity

51
Q

How does cooling affect tissue healing

A
52
Q

How does cooling reduce injuries

A
53
Q

How does cooling reduce edema

A

Vasoconstriction
Changes in vascular wall permeability
Inhibits fluid accumulation in interstitial space

54
Q

What gives the best outcome for acute injury in cryotherapy

A
55
Q

What is Lewis Hunting reaction

A

Cold induced vasodilation

56
Q

Stages of body response to cold therapy

A
57
Q

Body response to cold depends on

A
58
Q

Therapeutic uses of cryotherapy

A
59
Q

Make sure you understand this diagram


A
60
Q

Treatment guidelines

A
61
Q

Contraindications to cryotherapy application

A



62
Q

Adverse effects of cryotherapy to watch out for

A

Erythema/excessive redness

Cold induced nerve palsy (nerve damage)

Systemic reaction (Increase blood pressure and heart rate)

Tenderness a few hours after application

Bruises that last up to three weeks

63
Q

What is skin erythema

A

The skin is red and bright in color (Blood tends to hold on oxygen, more oxyhemoglobin)

64
Q

Heat or cold
Acute inflammation

A

Cold

65
Q

Heat or cold
Chronic inflammation

A

Heat

66
Q

Heat or cold
Edema/swelling

A

Cold

67
Q

Heat or cold
Pain

A

Both

68
Q

Heat or cold
Spasm

A

Both, cold better

69
Q

Heat or cold
Area treated around the hip

A

Heat because patients don’t prefer cold on that area

Electrotherapy (6 decks)

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