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NASM CPT > NASM CPT - Unit 2 > Flashcards

NASM CPT - Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Biomechanics

A

The science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces.

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2
Q

What is the anatomic position?

A

It’s a reference point to describe anatomic locations. In this position the body stands straight with the arms at the side and palms facing forward.

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3
Q

What does “superior” mean?

A

A location above a given reference point.

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4
Q

What does “inferior” mean?

A

A location below a given reference point.

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5
Q

What does “proximal” mean?

A

A location nearest to the center of the body or reference point.

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6
Q

What does “distal” mean?

A

A location farthest to the center of the body or reference point.

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7
Q

What does “anterior” (or ventral) mean?

A

On the front of the body

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8
Q

What does “posterior” (or dorsal) mean?

A

On the back of the body

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9
Q

What does “lateral” mean?

A

Positioned towards the outside of the body.

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10
Q

What does “medial” mean?

A

Positioned near the middle of the body.

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11
Q

What does “contralateral” mean?

A

Positioned on the opposite side of the body.

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12
Q

What does “ipsilateral” mean?

A

Positioned on the same side of the body.

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13
Q

What is the Sagittal plane?

A

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into left and right halves.

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14
Q

What is Flexion?

A

A bending movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments decreases.

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15
Q

What is an Extension?

A

A straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases.

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16
Q

What is Hyperextension?

A

Extension of a joint beyond the normal limit or range of motion.

17
Q

What is the Frontal plane?

A

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into front and back halves.

18
Q

What is Abduction?

A

A movement in the frontal plane away form the midline of the body.

19
Q

What is Adduction?

A

A movement in the frontal plane back toward the midline of the body.

20
Q

What is the Transverse plane?

A

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into top and bottom halves.

21
Q

What is Internal rotation?

A

Rotation of a joint toward the middle of the body

22
Q

What is External rotation?

A

Rotation of a joint away from the middle of the body

23
Q

What is Horizontal abduction?

A

Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from an anterior position to a lateral position

24
Q

What is Horizontal adduction?

A

Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from a lateral position to an anterior position

25
Q

What is Scapular retraction?

A

Adduction of scapula; shoulder blades move toward the midline

26
Q

What is Scapular protraction?

A

Abduction of scapula; shoulder blades move away from the midline

27
Q

What is Scapular depression?

A

Downward (inferior) motion of the scapula

28
Q

What is Scapular elevation?

A

Upward (superior) motion of the scapula

29
Q

What is eccentric muscle action?

A

An eccentric muscle action occurs when a muscle develops tension while lengthening.

30
Q

What is concentric muscle action?

A

When a muscle is exerting force greater than the resistive force, resulting in shortening of the muscle.

31
Q

What is an Isotonic muscle contraction?

A

Force is produced, muscle tension is developed, and movement occurs through a given range of motion.

32
Q

What is an Isometric muscle action?

A

When a muscle is exerting force equal to the force being placed on it leading to no visible change in the muscle length.

or

No visible movement with or against resistance. Dynamically stabilizes force

33
Q

What is an Isokinetic muscle action?

A

When a muscle shortens at a constant speed over the full range of motion.

or

The speed of movement is fixed, and resistance varies with the force exerted. Requires sophisticated training equipment often seen in rehabilitation or exercise physiology laboratories.

34
Q

Define Force.

A

An influence applied by one object to another, which results in an acceleration or deceleration of the second object.

35
Q

What is Length-tension relationship?

A

The resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length.

36
Q

What is Force-Velocity?

A

As the velocity of a concentric muscle action increases, its ability to produce force decreases. Conversely, with eccentric muscle action, as the velocity of muscle action increases, the ability to develop force increases.

37
Q

What is a Force-couple relationship?

A

Muscle groups moving together to produce movement around a joint.

NASM CPT (2 decks)

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