Roman Empire and Carthage

Question 1

when does Polybius write and what does it cover?

Answer 1

polybius writes in second half of of 2nd century BCE, covered 264-146.
his books are fragmented and some lost

Question 2

which significant did Polybius witness?

Answer 2

the destruction of Carthage

Question 3

when does Livy write?

Answer 3

Livy writes early 1st century AD and uses earlier sources, covering 753-9 BCE

Question 4

what was the first punic war, where did it mainly occur?

Answer 4

lasted from 264-241 BCE and was mainly a naval war and resulted in Carthaginian defeat

Question 5

how did the first punic war end?

Answer 5

241, Treaty of Lutatius, Carthage must evacuate Sicily, free roman prisoner and pay Rome 3200 silver

Question 6

when was second punic war?

Answer 6

lasted from 218-201 BCE, the roman lost a disastrous amount of men

Question 7

How did the second punic war end?

Answer 7

Hannibal was defeated in 202 and a treaty was signed with Carthage in 201 which reduced its land and its military power. prevented Carthage from waging war without Rome’s permission

Question 8

when was the third punic war?

Answer 8

lasted from 149-146 BCE

Question 9

how did the Third Punic war end?

Answer 9

146, romans destroy the city of Corinth and Carthage

Question 10

what were some of the effects of Roman conquest on society?

Answer 10

the influx of artwork, exposure to greek literature and artistic culture was embraced

Question 11

what was some of the economic benefits of roman conquest?

Answer 11

massive amounts of wealth seized from wars allowed for roman citizens to be exempt from taxation in 167BCE

Question 12

How did Cato the Elder criticise the influence of greek society?
what is the argument against this?

Answer 12

criticised greek influence on culture and the corrupting influence on traditional roman behaviour
however this was an invention of his own, as their was no sense of identity among romans

Question 13

what did Cato the Elders writing suggest about roman institutions?

Answer 13

They had worked better in the recent past and the roman elite agreed their hegemonic status in the world through the destruction of Carthage

Question 14

what was the African boom?

Answer 14

period of economic prosperity in 2nd century AD, massive surge in African exports

Question 15

what is the evidence of impact of the African boom across the Mediterranean?

Answer 15

initially trade heads to Italy and Rome then spreads to rest of Med.
amphorae, fine ware and cookware in central Med

Question 16

what was the impact on Carthage of African boom?

Answer 16

Carthage grows to 2nd largest city in western empire after Rome

Question 17

what was traveling with the pottery in trade across the Mediterranean?

Answer 17

olive oil, fish sauce, wine, grain, textiles

Question 18

what was Rome’s initial influence in France?

Answer 18

entry into France was initially through trade but was followed by military conquest and imperial administration

Question 19

what was the social and cultural influence of romans in France?

Answer 19

domination in southern France resulted in change in language and eradication of native language replaced with latin and the restructure of landscapes with monuments and structures

Question 20

when did Italian Imports begin to flow through France significantly? what was being exported?

Answer 20

3rd c. BCE Italian imports flowed through region at unseen rate, wine in amphoras imported into France and the rest of Gaul

Question 21

how many amphoras are estimated to be imported into French province?

Answer 21

55-65 million amphoras of wine imported into gaul through 1st century of roman occupation

Question 22

what was pre-roman trade like in the mediterranean?

Answer 22

ship wreaks have shown pre roman trade was more mixed cargo with punic amphoras and fine ware, small scale operation by merchants

Question 23

what was significance of coinage in mediterranean France?

Answer 23

there was no significant evidence of monetary circulation until 2nd c. BCE under roman control

Question 24

what was the significance of roman coinage in France?

Answer 24

coins had been distributed enough to form monetary economy after a generation of distribution.
The range of coins was extremely diverse including from Rome, Iberia and Rhodes