Antibiotics- EXAM 3

Question 1

What are pathogens

Answer 1

Organisms that cause diseases

Question 2

What is Pathogenecity

Answer 2

The ability of an organism to cause infection

Question 3

What is virulence

Answer 3

The ability of a microbe to produce disease when present in numbers; how fast it can produce

Question 4

aerobic

Answer 4

With oxygen

Question 5

anerobic

Answer 5

Without oxygen

Question 6

Thick walls=

Answer 6

Gram positive, purple after staining

Question 7

Thin walls=

Answer 7

Gram negative, red after staining

Question 8

Bacericidal agents

Answer 8

Kill bacteria, think suicidal

Question 9

Bacteriostatic agents

Answer 9

Slow the growth of bacteria, don’t kill

Question 10

How do you select the right antibiotics to use

Answer 10

TAKE SAMPLE FIRST
With this you’ll know what you’re treating and how to treat/ what to give

Question 11

Common side effects of antibiotics

Answer 11

GI issues
Upsetness, Diarrhea, N+V
Can take medications with crackers to reduce nausea but if diarrhea persists, contact doctor to see if you could get something else prescribed

Question 12

Bacteria resistant to antibiotics

Answer 12

C.diff, MRSA, GRE, VRE

Question 13

Selection process

Answer 13

C & S
Host defense
Local condition
Allergies
Penecillins have higher number of allergic reactions
Some cross placenta so age goes into favor to giving lower doses

Question 14

PENICILLINS

Answer 14

BACTERIACIDAL: Weaken bacteria cell wall causing lysis
Gram - are resistant!!!
Primary adverse event can range from a rash to anaphylaxis
If allergic to one PCN, allergic to all others
SAFE alternatives are the -mycin’s : Erythromycin, clindamycin and vancomycin
Take with full glass of water 1 hour before meal and 2 hours after

Question 15

CEPHALOSPORINS

Answer 15

BACTERIACIDAL; Are Beta-lacam
Vancomycin is an important drug but CAN BE TOXIC for C.diff, MRSA usage
Common adverse effect; allergic reactions, can cross sensitivity with penicillins
Take with food if GI upset occurs
IM injections

Question 16

TETRACYCLINE

Answer 16

Broad spectrum, BACTERIOSTATIC to g-/g+
Tetracycline 1st choice
Photosensitivity!
Used for Rocky mtn fever, pneumonia, Lyme disease, anthrax
DO NOT administer with calcium supplements, milk, iron, magnesium, aluminum and zinc; taken on empty stomach
May CAUSE brown yellow discoloration of the teeth
DO NOT give to kids under 8
May cause super infections
CONTACT PROVIDER OF DIARRHEA OCCURS

Question 17

MACROLIDES

Answer 17

BACTERIOSTATIC but BACTERIOCIDAL IN HIGHER DOSES
Erythromycin is 1st choice
SAFEST antibiotic
Food increases absorption & reduces S.E ( P,N,V)
Crosses placenta

Question 18

AMINOGLYCOSIDE

Answer 18

BACTERIOCIDAL TO g- aerobic bacilli
Gentamicin is a popular one
CAUSES irreversible injury to ears and hearing loss aka Ototoxicity & reversible Nephrotoxic ( kidney )
Given parentally IV, IM

Question 19

FLUROQUINOLONES

Answer 19

BACTERIOSTATIC
Ciprofloxacin is common one, Administered orally
Phototoxicity
CAUSES tendinitis and tendon rupture
NOT GIVEN to children under 18
S.E= GI upset (N,V,P,D) and CNS (headache, dizzy, confusion, restlessness)
INCREASES RISK OF CDIFF

Question 20

SULFONAMIDE

Answer 20

BACTERIOSTATIC
USED TO BE 1st choice for systemic bacterial infections, Common for UTI. Less used due to other antibiotics that are less toxic and there’s more bacteria now resistant to this
HYPERSENSITIVITY TO stevens-jhonson syndrome d/c if skin rash develops
Photosensitivity & Renal damage
Take on empty stomach

Question 21

Steven Johnson’s syndrome

Answer 21

Blisters all over
Sloughing of skin
Painful
CAUSED BY SUFLA ANTIBIOTICS

Question 22

Drugs used for tuberculosis

Answer 22

INH meds
Refantins
Pyrazinide
Ethambutol
Look at liver tests when on these meds!

Question 23

Antifungal meds

Answer 23

Amphotercin B Azole, used more due to less toxic
Dyflucan too
SE: nausea and vomitting

Question 24

TRIMETHORPIN

Answer 24

TRIMETHORPIN
Is now 1st in line for UTI instead of sulfonamide
may cause hyperkalemia, check K+ levels after starting tx

Question 25

What antibiotics ar photosensitivity

Answer 25

Tetracyclines
FLUOROQUINOLONES
SULFONAMIDES

Question 26

What antibiotics are bacteriosidal

Answer 26

Penecillins
Cephalosporins
Amnioglycoside
Macrolides IF in high doses

Question 27

What antibiotics are bacteriostatic

Answer 27

Tetracylines
Macrolides
Fluoroquinolones
Sulfonamide

Question 28

IM injected ones

Answer 28

Cephalosporins & Amnioglucosides

Question 29

Causes stained teeth and not given to children below 8

Answer 29

Tetracyclines

Question 30

Safest one out there

Answer 30

MAcrolides, specifically erythromycin

Question 31

Can cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxic

Answer 31

Amnioglycosoides, specifically gentamicin
Can be prevented with low doses

Question 32

Can cause tendinitis, tendon rupture of achilles and not given to ages under 18

Answer 32

Fluoroquinolone

Question 33

Used for Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain fever, rickettsia, pneumonia, anthrax

Answer 33

Tetracyclines

Question 34

What do you not give with tetracyclines

Answer 34

Calcium supplements, milk, iron, magnesium and aluminum and zinc

Question 35

Causes GI upset symptoms and CNS ones

Answer 35

Fluqoroquinolones
Increased risk for C.diff!

Question 36

Which one is not given to pregnant women or pediatric less then 2 months old

Answer 36

Sulfonamides